महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-45, verse-15

षड्वर्गविन्महाबुद्धिर्नीतिधर्मविदुत्तमः ।
प्रजा इमास्तव पिता षष्टिं वर्षाण्यपालयत् ।
ततो दिष्टान्तमापन्नः सर्पेणानतिवर्तितम् ॥१५॥

15. ṣaḍvargavinmahābuddhirnītidharmaviduttamaḥ ,
prajā imāstava pitā ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣāṇyapālayat ,
tato diṣṭāntamāpannaḥ sarpeṇānativartitam.

15. ṣaḍvargavit mahābuddhiḥ nītidharmaviduttamaḥ
prajāḥ imāḥ tava pitā
ṣaṣṭim varṣāṇi apālayat tataḥ diṣṭāntam
āpannaḥ sarpeṇa anativartitam

15. Your father, of great intellect, was a knower of the six categories (of royal policy) and supreme in understanding Nīti (ethics/policy) and Dharma (righteousness). He ruled these subjects for sixty years. Thereafter, he met his end, which was unavoidable, by a serpent.

Words meanings summery:

• षड्वर्गवित् (ṣaḍvargavit) - proficient in the six aspects of royal policy or the six internal enemies (kāma, krodha, lobha, moha, mada, mātsarya) (knower of the six categories)

• महाबुद्धिः (mahābuddhiḥ) - possessing profound wisdom and keen intelligence (of great intellect)

• नीतिधर्मविदुत्तमः (nītidharmaviduttamaḥ) - possessing the highest knowledge of political science, ethics, and religious duty or righteousness (supreme knower of Nīti and Dharma)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - the populace under the king's benevolent rule (subjects, progeny, people)

• इमाः (imāḥ) - referring to the subjects being discussed or present (these)

• तव (tava) - referring to Janamejaya, the listener of this narration (your)

• पिता (pitā) - Janamejaya's father, King Parikṣit (father)

• षष्टिम् (ṣaṣṭim) - the duration in years for which King Parikṣit ruled (sixty)

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - the time period of sixty years of governance (years)

• अपालयत् (apālayat) - he governed and maintained the welfare of the subjects (he protected, he ruled)

• ततः (tataḥ) - following the period of his sixty-year rule (then, thereafter, thence)

• दिष्टान्तम् (diṣṭāntam) - he reached his fated demise, his appointed death (end of destiny, death)

• आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - he met with his destined end (attained, reached, obtained)

• सर्पेण (sarpeṇa) - the means by which his fated death was brought about (specifically, by Takṣaka) (by a serpent)

• अनतिवर्तितम् (anativartitam) - describes the destined end as one that could not be transgressed or prevented (unavoidable, unsurpassable, inevitable)

Words meanings and morphology

षड्वर्गवित् (ṣaḍvargavit) - proficient in the six aspects of royal policy or the six internal enemies (kāma, krodha, lobha, moha, mada, mātsarya) (knower of the six categories)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṣaḍvargavid

ṣaḍvargavid - knowing the six categories/divisions (e.g., of state policy or inner enemies)

derived from root vid (to know)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ṣaṭ+varga+vid)

• ṣaṭ – six
  numeral
• varga – class, category, division, group
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knowing, skilled in, learned
  adjective
  agent noun/participial
  root vid (to know) + kvip
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: The final 'd' of the base `vid` becomes 't' at the end of a word or before a voiceless consonant.

महाबुद्धिः (mahābuddhiḥ) - possessing profound wisdom and keen intelligence (of great intellect)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābuddhi

mahābuddhi - great intellect, possessing great intelligence

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+buddhi)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, discernment, wisdom
  noun (feminine)
  action noun
  root budh (to understand) + ktin
  Root: budh (class 1)

नीतिधर्मविदुत्तमः (nītidharmaviduttamaḥ) - possessing the highest knowledge of political science, ethics, and religious duty or righteousness (supreme knower of Nīti and Dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nītidharmaviduttama

nītidharmaviduttama - one who is supreme among those knowing policy and dharma

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nīti+dharma+vid+uttama)

• nīti – guidance, conduct, policy, ethics, statecraft
  noun (feminine)
  action noun
  root nī (to lead) + ktin
  Root: nī (class 1)
• dharma – duty, righteousness, law, virtue, religious ordinance
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – knowing, skilled in, learned
  adjective
  agent noun/participial
  root vid (to know) + kvip
  Root: vid (class 2)
• uttama – best, highest, supreme, excellent
  adjective
  superlative of ud (up/out)
  Prefix: ut

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - the populace under the king's benevolent rule (subjects, progeny, people)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, people, subjects, creation

pra + root jan (to be born) + a

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

इमाः (imāḥ) - referring to the subjects being discussed or present (these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

तव (tava) - referring to Janamejaya, the listener of this narration (your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

पिता (pitā) - Janamejaya's father, King Parikṣit (father)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

षष्टिम् (ṣaṣṭim) - the duration in years for which King Parikṣit ruled (sixty)

(numeral)

Note: Acts as an adjective to varṣāṇi.

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - the time period of sixty years of governance (years)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon season

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

अपालयत् (apālayat) - he governed and maintained the welfare of the subjects (he protected, he ruled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pālay

causative of pā

root pā (to protect) in causative form (pālayati)

Root: pā (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - following the period of his sixty-year rule (then, thereafter, thence)

(indeclinable)

derived from tad + tasil

दिष्टान्तम् (diṣṭāntam) - he reached his fated demise, his appointed death (end of destiny, death)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of diṣṭānta

diṣṭānta - end of destiny, death, fate

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (diṣṭa+anta)

• diṣṭa – ordained, destined, fate, destiny
  adjective
  past participle
  root diś (to point, indicate) + kta
  Root: diś (class 6)
• anta – end, limit, boundary, conclusion
  noun (masculine)

आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - he met with his destined end (attained, reached, obtained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - attained, reached, met with, obtained, fallen into

past participle

prefix ā + root āp (to obtain, reach) + kta

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

सर्पेण (sarpeṇa) - the means by which his fated death was brought about (specifically, by Takṣaka) (by a serpent)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - serpent, snake

root sṛp (to creep) + a

Root: sṛp (class 1)

अनतिवर्तितम् (anativartitam) - describes the destined end as one that could not be transgressed or prevented (unavoidable, unsurpassable, inevitable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anativartita

anativartita - not to be transgressed, unavoidable, inevitable, unsurpassable

past participle (negative)

negative prefix a + prefix ati + root vṛt (to turn, exist) + kta

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+ativartita)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• ativartita – transgressed, overcome, passed over
  adjective
  past participle
  prefix ati + root vṛt (to turn, exist) + kta
  Prefix: ati
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `diṣṭāntam`.