महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-45, verse-18

कथं निधनमापन्नः पिता मम तथाविधः ।
आचक्षध्वं यथावन्मे श्रोतुमिच्छामि तत्त्वतः ॥१८॥

18. kathaṁ nidhanamāpannaḥ pitā mama tathāvidhaḥ ,
ācakṣadhvaṁ yathāvanme śrotumicchāmi tattvataḥ.

18. katham nidhanam āpannaḥ pitā mama tathāvidhaḥ
ācakṣadhvam yathāvat me śrotum icchāmi tattvataḥ

18. How did my father, being such a virtuous person, meet his end? Please tell me in detail, for I truly wish to hear the truth.

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

• निधनम् (nidhanam) - his end, death (death, destruction, demise, end)

• आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - met with (having obtained, having met with, attained)

• पिता (pitā) - my father (father)

• मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

• तथाविधः (tathāvidhaḥ) - being such a virtuous person (such, of such a kind)

• आचक्षध्वम् (ācakṣadhvam) - please tell (me) (tell, relate, describe)

• यथावत् (yathāvat) - in detail, properly (truly, properly, according to the fact)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me)

• श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish (I wish, I desire)

• तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly, in truth (truly, in reality, in essence)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

निधनम् (nidhanam) - his end, death (death, destruction, demise, end)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nidhana

nidhana - death, destruction, end, loss

Note: Object of 'āpannaḥ'.

आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - met with (having obtained, having met with, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - obtained, reached, met with, befallen

past passive participle

Derived from root 'pad' with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'pitā'. Functions as predicate.

पिता (pitā) - my father (father)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Subject of the implied verb (met with death).

मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (pronoun)

Note: Possessive, qualifies 'pitā'.

तथाविधः (tathāvidhaḥ) - being such a virtuous person (such, of such a kind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tathāvidha

tathāvidha - such, of such a kind, like that

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tathā+vidha)

• tathā – thus, so
  indeclinable
• vidha – kind, manner, sort
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'pitā'.

आचक्षध्वम् (ācakṣadhvam) - please tell (me) (tell, relate, describe)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, middle, imperative (loṭ) of ācakṣ

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

Note: Command to the advisors.

यथावत् (yathāvat) - in detail, properly (truly, properly, according to the fact)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'ācakṣadhvam'.

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (pronoun)

Note: Recipient of the telling.

श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear

(verb)

active, infinitive of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Expresses purpose, object of 'icchāmi'.

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish (I wish, I desire)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: The main verb of the sentence.

तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly, in truth (truly, in reality, in essence)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'śrotum icchāmi'.