महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-115, verse-28

ते च पञ्च शतं चैव कुरुवंशविवर्धनाः ।
सर्वे ववृधुरल्पेन कालेनाप्स्विव नीरजाः ॥२८॥

28. te ca pañca śataṁ caiva kuruvaṁśavivardhanāḥ ,
sarve vavṛdhuralpena kālenāpsviva nīrajāḥ.

28. te ca pañca śatam ca eva kuru-vaṃśa-vivardhanāḥ
sarve vavṛdhuḥ alpena kālena apsu iva nīra-jāḥ

28. And those five hundred princes, who were the enhancers of the Kuru lineage, all grew rapidly in a short time, just like lotuses (nīraja) in water.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they

• च (ca) - and

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• शतम् (śatam) - hundred

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• कुरु-वंश-विवर्धनाः (kuru-vaṁśa-vivardhanāḥ) - Refers to the five hundred princes mentioned. (expanders of the Kuru lineage, those who increased the Kuru family)

• सर्वे (sarve) - Refers to the five hundred princes. (all, everyone)

• ववृधुः (vavṛdhuḥ) - they grew

• अल्पेन (alpena) - in a short (time) (by short, by little)

• कालेन (kālena) - in a short period of time (by time, in time)

• अप्सु (apsu) - in water (in waters)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• नीर-जाः (nīra-jāḥ) - Specifically lotuses, known for their rapid growth in water. (water-born, lotuses)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

शतम् (śatam) - hundred

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śata

śata - a hundred

Note: Used here with pañca to denote 'five hundred'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

कुरु-वंश-विवर्धनाः (kuru-vaṁśa-vivardhanāḥ) - Refers to the five hundred princes mentioned. (expanders of the Kuru lineage, those who increased the Kuru family)

(compound noun)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+vaṃśa+vivardhana)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king and his dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vaṃśa – lineage, family, race, bamboo
  noun (masculine)
• vivardhana – increasing, expanding, enhancing
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root vṛdh (to grow) with prefix vi- and suffix -ana.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

सर्वे (sarve) - Refers to the five hundred princes. (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Functions as an adjective modifying the implied subject.

ववृधुः (vavṛdhuḥ) - they grew

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of vṛdh

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

अल्पेन (alpena) - in a short (time) (by short, by little)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of alpa

alpa - small, little, short, few

Note: Agrees with kālena.

कालेन (kālena) - in a short period of time (by time, in time)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, period

अप्सु (apsu) - in water (in waters)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

नीर-जाः (nīra-jāḥ) - Specifically lotuses, known for their rapid growth in water. (water-born, lotuses)

(compound noun)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nīra+ja)

• nīra – water
  noun (neuter)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)