महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-115, verse-13

तथा राजर्षयः सर्वे ब्राह्मणाश्च तपोधनाः ।
चक्रुरुच्चावचं कर्म यशसोऽर्थाय दुष्करम् ॥१३॥

13. tathā rājarṣayaḥ sarve brāhmaṇāśca tapodhanāḥ ,
cakruruccāvacaṁ karma yaśaso'rthāya duṣkaram.

13. tathā rājarṣayaḥ sarve brāhmaṇāḥ ca tapodhanāḥ
cakruḥ uccāvacam karma yaśasaḥ arthāya duṣkaram

13. Similarly, all the royal sages (rājarṣi) and Brahmins, whose wealth was austerity (tapas), performed various difficult deeds (karma) for the sake of renown.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

• राजर्षयः (rājarṣayaḥ) - royal sages, king-sages

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every, whole

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, members of the priestly class

• च (ca) - and, also

• तपोधनाः (tapodhanāḥ) - those whose wealth is austerity, rich in penance

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they did, they made, they performed

• उच्चावचम् (uccāvacam) - high and low, various, diverse

• कर्म (karma) - difficult deeds (deed, action, work)

• यशसः (yaśasaḥ) - of fame, of glory, of renown

• अर्थाय (arthāya) - for the sake of, for the purpose of

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult to do, arduous, hard

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

(indeclinable)

राजर्षयः (rājarṣayaḥ) - royal sages, king-sages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage, a king who is also a sage or saint

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet, an ascetic
  noun (masculine)

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every, whole

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, members of the priestly class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तपोधनाः (tapodhanāḥ) - those whose wealth is austerity, rich in penance

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tapodhana

tapodhana - one whose wealth is austerity, rich in penance

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – penance, austerity, spiritual fervor, heat
  noun (neuter)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they did, they made, they performed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

उच्चावचम् (uccāvacam) - high and low, various, diverse

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uccāvaca

uccāvaca - high and low, various, diverse, of different kinds

Compound type : dvandva (ucca+avaca)

• ucca – high, lofty, elevated
  adjective (neuter)
• avaca – low, inferior (used in dvandva compounds)
  adjective (neuter)

कर्म (karma) - difficult deeds (deed, action, work)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual action

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

यशसः (yaśasaḥ) - of fame, of glory, of renown

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of yaśas

yaśas - fame, glory, renown, reputation

अर्थाय (arthāya) - for the sake of, for the purpose of

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, aim, meaning, wealth, thing, sake

Note: Often used like an indeclinable 'for the sake of'

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult to do, arduous, hard

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, hard to accomplish, arduous

Compound: dus- (prefix meaning 'difficult') + kara (from √kṛ 'to do', agent noun suffix)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+kara)

• dus – bad, ill, difficult, hard
  indeclinable
• kara – making, doing, performing (suffix)
  adjective (neuter)
  Agent noun suffix from √kṛ
  Root: √kṛ (class 8)