महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-115, verse-20

ज्येष्ठं युधिष्ठिरेत्याहुर्भीमसेनेति मध्यमम् ।
अर्जुनेति तृतीयं च कुन्तीपुत्रानकल्पयन् ॥२०॥

20. jyeṣṭhaṁ yudhiṣṭhiretyāhurbhīmaseneti madhyamam ,
arjuneti tṛtīyaṁ ca kuntīputrānakalpayan.

20. jyeṣṭham yudhiṣṭhira iti āhuḥ bhīmasena iti madhyamam
| arjuna iti tṛtīyam ca kuntīputrān akalpayan

20. They called the eldest Yudhiṣṭhira, the middle one Bhīmasena, and the third Arjuna; thus, they assigned these names to the sons of Kuntī.

Words meanings summery:

• ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - the eldest (son) (the eldest, the oldest, the chief)

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name, literally 'firm in battle')

• इति (iti) - "named as" (thus, so, indicating a quotation or name)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they called (him) (they said, they called)

• भीमसेन (bhīmasena) - Bhīmasena (proper name)

• इति (iti) - "named as" (thus, so, indicating a quotation or name)

• मध्यमम् (madhyamam) - the middle (son) (the middle, the middle one)

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna (proper name, literally 'white, bright')

• इति (iti) - "named as" (thus, so, indicating a quotation or name)

• तृतीयम् (tṛtīyam) - the third (son) (the third, the third one)

• च (ca) - and, also

• कुन्तीपुत्रान् (kuntīputrān) - the sons of Kuntī

• अकल्पयन् (akalpayan) - they assigned (names) (they assigned, they arranged, they created, they imagined)

Words meanings and morphology

ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - the eldest (son) (the eldest, the oldest, the chief)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, oldest, chief, best

Superlative of 'vṛddha' (old)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name, literally 'firm in battle')

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava), firm in battle

Compound 'yudhi sthira' (steady in battle)

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used with 'iti' to indicate a name.

इति (iti) - "named as" (thus, so, indicating a quotation or name)

(indeclinable)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they called (him) (they said, they called)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of brū

Present Tense (Laṭ) or Perfect Tense (Liṭ)

3rd plural of `brū` (irregular root, form `āhuḥ` is used for `they say/called`)

Root: brū (class 2)

भीमसेन (bhīmasena) - Bhīmasena (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (name of the second Pāṇḍava, literally "having a formidable army")

Note: Used with 'iti' to indicate a name.

इति (iti) - "named as" (thus, so, indicating a quotation or name)

(indeclinable)

मध्यमम् (madhyamam) - the middle (son) (the middle, the middle one)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madhyama

madhyama - middle, central, intermediate

अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna (proper name, literally 'white, bright')

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of the third Pāṇḍava), white, bright, silver

Note: Used with 'iti' to indicate a name.

इति (iti) - "named as" (thus, so, indicating a quotation or name)

(indeclinable)

तृतीयम् (tṛtīyam) - the third (son) (the third, the third one)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tṛtīya

tṛtīya - third

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कुन्तीपुत्रान् (kuntīputrān) - the sons of Kuntī

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kuntīputra

kuntīputra - son of Kuntī

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuntī+putra)

• kuntī – Kuntī (mother of Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīmasena, Arjuna)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

अकल्पयन् (akalpayan) - they assigned (names) (they assigned, they arranged, they created, they imagined)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kḷp

Imperfect Tense (Laṅ), Active Voice (parasmaipada)

3rd plural imperfect active of root kḷp (10th class causative form 'kalpaya')

Root: kḷp (class 10)