महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-115, verse-21

पूर्वजं नकुलेत्येवं सहदेवेति चापरम् ।
माद्रीपुत्रावकथयंस्ते विप्राः प्रीतमानसाः ।
अनुसंवत्सरं जाता अपि ते कुरुसत्तमाः ॥२१॥

21. pūrvajaṁ nakuletyevaṁ sahadeveti cāparam ,
mādrīputrāvakathayaṁste viprāḥ prītamānasāḥ ,
anusaṁvatsaraṁ jātā api te kurusattamāḥ.

21. pūrvajam nakula iti evam sahadeva
iti ca aparam | mādrīputrau akathayan
te viprāḥ prītamanasaḥ |
anusaṃvatsaram jātāḥ api te kurusattamāḥ

21. Those Brahmins, with delighted minds, declared the elder (son of Mādrī) to be Nakula and the other (younger) to be Sahadeva. Those best among the Kurus were also born year by year.

Words meanings summery:

• पूर्वजम् (pūrvajam) - the first-born (of Mādrī's sons) (the elder, the first-born, the former)

• नकुल (nakula) - Nakula (proper name, literally 'mongoose' or 'no family/race')

• इति (iti) - "named as" (thus, so, indicating a quotation or name)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• सहदेव (sahadeva) - Sahadeva (proper name, literally 'with the gods')

• इति (iti) - "named as" (thus, so, indicating a quotation or name)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपरम् (aparam) - the other (younger son) (the other, the younger, another)

• माद्रीपुत्रौ (mādrīputrau) - Nakula and Sahadeva (the two sons of Mādrī)

• अकथयन् (akathayan) - they declared (the names) (they told, they narrated, they declared)

• ते (te) - those (Brahmins) (those, they)

• विप्राः (viprāḥ) - Brahmins, wise ones, sages

• प्रीतमनसः (prītamanasaḥ) - with delighted minds, pleased in heart

• अनुसंवत्सरम् (anusaṁvatsaram) - year by year, annually, for a whole year

• जाताः (jātāḥ) - born, produced, become

• अपि (api) - also (even, also, too)

• ते (te) - those (sons, the Pāṇḍavas) (those, they)

• कुरुसत्तमाः (kurusattamāḥ) - the best among the Kurus, most excellent Kurus

Words meanings and morphology

पूर्वजम् (pūrvajam) - the first-born (of Mādrī's sons) (the elder, the first-born, the former)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pūrvaja

pūrvaja - first-born, elder, produced before

Compound 'pūrva' (before) + 'ja' (born)

Compound type : tatpurusha (pūrva+ja)

• pūrva – former, earlier, prior, eastern
  adjective (masculine)
• ja – born, produced, arising from
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

नकुल (nakula) - Nakula (proper name, literally 'mongoose' or 'no family/race')

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - Nakula (name of one of Mādrī's sons), mongoose, of no family

Note: Used with 'iti' to indicate a name.

इति (iti) - "named as" (thus, so, indicating a quotation or name)

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

सहदेव (sahadeva) - Sahadeva (proper name, literally 'with the gods')

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahadeva

sahadeva - Sahadeva (name of one of Mādrī's sons), with a god, accompanied by a god

Note: Used with 'iti' to indicate a name.

इति (iti) - "named as" (thus, so, indicating a quotation or name)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपरम् (aparam) - the other (younger son) (the other, the younger, another)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apara

apara - other, another, younger, subsequent, western

माद्रीपुत्रौ (mādrīputrau) - Nakula and Sahadeva (the two sons of Mādrī)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of mādrīputra

mādrīputra - son of Mādrī

Compound type : tatpurusha (mādrī+putra)

• mādrī – Mādrī (wife of Pāṇḍu, mother of Nakula and Sahadeva)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

अकथयन् (akathayan) - they declared (the names) (they told, they narrated, they declared)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kath

Imperfect Tense (Laṅ), Active Voice (parasmaipada)

3rd plural imperfect active of root kath (derived from katha, 10th class)

Root: kath (class 10)

ते (te) - those (Brahmins) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

विप्राः (viprāḥ) - Brahmins, wise ones, sages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, sage, inspired, learned

प्रीतमनसः (prītamanasaḥ) - with delighted minds, pleased in heart

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prītamanas

prītamanas - delighted in mind, glad-hearted

Compound 'prīta' (pleased) + 'manas' (mind)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (prīta+manas)

• prīta – pleased, delighted, satisfied
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root prī (to please)
  Root: prī (class 9)
• manas – mind, intellect, heart, spirit
  noun (neuter)

अनुसंवत्सरम् (anusaṁvatsaram) - year by year, annually, for a whole year

(indeclinable)

Compound 'anu' (after) + 'saṃvatsara' (year)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (anu+saṃvatsara)

• anu – after, along, according to
  indeclinable
• saṃvatsara – year
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions as an adverb of time.

जाताः (jātāḥ) - born, produced, become

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, become

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Functions as a participle modifying 'te kurusattamāḥ'.

अपि (api) - also (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - those (sons, the Pāṇḍavas) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

कुरुसत्तमाः (kurusattamāḥ) - the best among the Kurus, most excellent Kurus

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kurusattama

kurusattama - best of the Kurus, most excellent Kuru

Compound 'kuru' + 'sattama' (superlative of 'sat', excellent)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+sattama)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king and his descendants), a country
  proper noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of 'sat' (good, existing)