महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-100, verse-4

ततोऽम्बिकायां प्रथमं नियुक्तः सत्यवागृषिः ।
दीप्यमानेषु दीपेषु शयनं प्रविवेश ह ॥४॥

4. tato'mbikāyāṁ prathamaṁ niyuktaḥ satyavāgṛṣiḥ ,
dīpyamāneṣu dīpeṣu śayanaṁ praviveśa ha.

4. tataḥ ambikāyām prathamam niyuktaḥ satyavāk
ṛṣiḥ dīpyamāneṣu dīpeṣu śayanam praviveśa ha

4. Then, the truthful sage (ṛṣi), having been appointed first to Ambika, entered her bed chamber while the lamps were burning.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thereupon, from there)

• अम्बिकायाम् (ambikāyām) - to Ambika (in Ambika, to Ambika)

• प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first (in sequence) (first, primarily)

• नियुक्तः (niyuktaḥ) - having been appointed (for niyoga) (appointed, enjoined, engaged)

• सत्यवाक् (satyavāk) - the truthful (sage) (truth-speaker, truthful, speaking truth)

• ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - the sage (Vyasa) (sage, seer, inspired poet)

• दीप्यमानेषु (dīpyamāneṣu) - while burning (referring to the lamps) (shining, burning, blazing)

• दीपेषु (dīpeṣu) - in the lamps (in the lamps, among the lights)

• शयनम् (śayanam) - her bed (chamber) (bed, couch, resting place)

• प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - (he) entered (entered, penetrated)

• ह (ha) - (emphasizing the past action) (indeed, verily (an expletive particle))

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thereupon, from there)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun tad + suffix tas

अम्बिकायाम् (ambikāyām) - to Ambika (in Ambika, to Ambika)

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of ambikā

ambikā - Ambika (a proper name), mother

Note: The locative often implies 'with respect to' or 'towards' in such contexts.

प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first (in sequence) (first, primarily)

(indeclinable)

Superlative suffix 'ma' from 'pra'

Note: Acts adverbially, 'firstly'.

नियुक्तः (niyuktaḥ) - having been appointed (for niyoga) (appointed, enjoined, engaged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyukta

niyukta - appointed, ordered, engaged, joined

Past Passive Participle

Formed from ni-yuj (to appoint, to join)

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

सत्यवाक् (satyavāk) - the truthful (sage) (truth-speaker, truthful, speaking truth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavāc

satyavāc - truthful, speaking truth, truth-speaker

Compound (Bahuvrihi), one whose speech (vāc) is truth (satya). The final 'c' becomes 'k' in nominative singular.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+vāc)

• satya – truth, real, true
  noun (masculine)
  From sat (being, existence)
• vāc – speech, word, voice
  noun (feminine)
  From root vac (to speak)
  Root: vac (class 2)

ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - the sage (Vyasa) (sage, seer, inspired poet)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - a sage, seer, inspired poet

Root: ṛṣ

Note: Subject of 'praviveśa'.

दीप्यमानेषु (dīpyamāneṣu) - while burning (referring to the lamps) (shining, burning, blazing)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of dīpyamāna

dīpyamāna - shining, blazing, illuminating

Present Middle Participle

Formed from root dīp (to shine) + śāna suffix

Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Participial usage, indicating concomitant action (lamps burning).

दीपेषु (dīpeṣu) - in the lamps (in the lamps, among the lights)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of dīpa

dīpa - lamp, light

From root dīp (to shine)

Root: dīp (class 4)

शयनम् (śayanam) - her bed (chamber) (bed, couch, resting place)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śayana

śayana - bed, couch, resting, sleeping

From root śī (to lie down)

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Often means the bed *chamber* when entering.

प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - (he) entered (entered, penetrated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of praviś

Perfect 3rd person singular of pra-viś

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

ह (ha) - (emphasizing the past action) (indeed, verily (an expletive particle))

(indeclinable)

An emphatic or expletive particle often used with past tense verbs to describe a narrative event