महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-100, verse-28

धर्मो विदुररूपेण शापात्तस्य महात्मनः ।
माण्डव्यस्यार्थतत्त्वज्ञः कामक्रोधविवर्जितः ॥२८॥

28. dharmo vidurarūpeṇa śāpāttasya mahātmanaḥ ,
māṇḍavyasyārthatattvajñaḥ kāmakrodhavivarjitaḥ.

28. dharmaḥ vidurarūpeṇa śāpāt tasya mahātmanaḥ
māṇḍavyasya arthatattvajñaḥ kāmakrodhavivarjitaḥ

28. Dharma (natural law) himself took the form of Vidura, due to the curse of that great soul (mahātman) Māṇḍavya. He was a knower of the true nature of reality (arthatattvajña) and free from desire and anger.

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue

• विदुररूपेण (vidurarūpeṇa) - in the form of Vidura, by means of Vidura's form

• शापात् (śāpāt) - from the curse, due to the curse

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (masculine), of him

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great soul, of the magnanimous one

• माण्डव्यस्य (māṇḍavyasya) - of Māṇḍavya (proper name)

• अर्थतत्त्वज्ञः (arthatattvajñaḥ) - knower of the true nature of reality/things

• कामक्रोधविवर्जितः (kāmakrodhavivarjitaḥ) - free from desire and anger, devoid of lust and wrath

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, religion

From root dhṛ (to uphold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 10)

Note: The subject of the implied verb (was born).

विदुररूपेण (vidurarūpeṇa) - in the form of Vidura, by means of Vidura's form

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vidurarūpa

vidurarūpa - the form/guise of Vidura

Compound of Vidura and rūpa (form).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vidura+rūpa)

• vidura – Vidura (a proper noun)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, beauty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates the means or manner.

शापात् (śāpāt) - from the curse, due to the curse

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śāpa

śāpa - curse, imprecation

From root śap (to curse).

Root: śap

Note: Indicates the cause or source.

तस्य (tasya) - of that (masculine), of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine genitive singular form of tad.

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great soul, of the magnanimous one

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great soul (mahātman), magnanimous, noble-minded person

Compound of mahat (great) and ātman (self, soul).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast, eminent
  adjective (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root an (to breathe).
  Root: an

Note: Agrees with tasya.

माण्डव्यस्य (māṇḍavyasya) - of Māṇḍavya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of māṇḍavya

māṇḍavya - Māṇḍavya (name of a sage)

Patronymic from maṇḍu.

Note: Qualifies tasya mahātmanaḥ.

अर्थतत्त्वज्ञः (arthatattvajñaḥ) - knower of the true nature of reality/things

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthatattvajña

arthatattvajña - knower of the essential nature of things, one who understands truth

Compound of artha (meaning/thing), tattva (truth/essence) and jña (knower).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (arthatattva+jña)

• arthatattva – essence of meaning, truth of things
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of artha and tattva.
• jña – knower, wise, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root jñā (to know) with the suffix 'ka'.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Predicate nominative for Dharma/Vidura.

कामक्रोधविवर्जितः (kāmakrodhavivarjitaḥ) - free from desire and anger, devoid of lust and wrath

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāmakrodhavivarjita

kāmakrodhavivarjita - devoid of desire (kāma) and anger (krodha)

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāmakrodha+vivarjita)

• kāmakrodha – desire and anger
  noun (masculine)
  Dvandva compound of kāma and krodha.
• vivarjita – abandoned, avoided, deprived of, free from
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛj (to avoid) with prefix vi.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Dharma/Vidura.