दुर्गा-सप्तशती
durgā-saptaśatī
-
chapter-13, verse-13
रुचिरुवाच ।
नमस्येऽहं पितॄञ्छ्राद्धे ये वसन्त्यधिदेवताः ।
देवैरपि हि तर्प्यन्ते ये च श्राद्धे स्वधोत्तरैः ॥१३॥
नमस्येऽहं पितॄञ्छ्राद्धे ये वसन्त्यधिदेवताः ।
देवैरपि हि तर्प्यन्ते ये च श्राद्धे स्वधोत्तरैः ॥१३॥
13. ruciruvāca .
namasye'haṃ pitṝñchrāddhe ye vasantyadhidevatāḥ .
devairapi hi tarpyante ye ca śrāddhe svadhottaraiḥ.
namasye'haṃ pitṝñchrāddhe ye vasantyadhidevatāḥ .
devairapi hi tarpyante ye ca śrāddhe svadhottaraiḥ.
13.
ruciḥ uvāca namasye aham pitṝn śrāddhe ye vasanti adhidevatāḥ
devaiḥ api hi tarpyante ye ca śrāddhe svadhottaraiḥ
devaiḥ api hi tarpyante ye ca śrāddhe svadhottaraiḥ
13.
Rucī said: I bow to the ancestors (pitṝn) who dwell as presiding deities (adhidevatāḥ) during the śrāddha ceremony. They are indeed gratified even by the gods, and in the śrāddha, they are pleased by oblations accompanied by 'svadhā'.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- रुचिः (ruciḥ) - The female sage Rucī (Ruci (a proper name, usually feminine), light, luster)
- उवाच (uvāca) - Ruci said (she said, she spoke)
- नमस्ये (namasye) - I bow to (the ancestors) (I bow, I salute, I revere)
- अहम् (aham) - I (Ruci) (I)
- पितॄन् (pitṝn) - the ancestors (pitṝn) (ancestors, fathers (accusative plural))
- श्राद्धे (śrāddhe) - in the śrāddha (śraddhā) ceremony (in the śrāddha (ceremony), in faith)
- ये (ye) - those (ancestors) who (who, those who (masculine nominative plural))
- वसन्ति (vasanti) - (the ancestors) who dwell (they dwell, they reside, they live)
- अधिदेवताः (adhidevatāḥ) - as presiding deities (adhidevatāḥ) (presiding deities, chief deities)
- देवैः (devaiḥ) - by the gods (themselves) (by gods)
- अपि (api) - even, also (even, also, too)
- हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)
- तर्प्यन्ते (tarpyante) - (the ancestors) are gratified (they are gratified, they are satisfied, they are offered to)
- ये (ye) - those (ancestors) who (who, those who (masculine nominative plural))
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- श्राद्धे (śrāddhe) - in the śrāddha (śraddhā) ceremony (in the śrāddha (ceremony), in faith)
- स्वधोत्तरैः (svadhottaraiḥ) - by offerings accompanied by 'svadhā' (uttered during the ritual) (by those preceded/followed by 'svadhā', by oblations accompanied by 'svadhā')
Words meanings and morphology
रुचिः (ruciḥ) - The female sage Rucī (Ruci (a proper name, usually feminine), light, luster)
(proper noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of ruci
ruci - light, luster, taste, appetite, name of a female sage
Root: ruc (class 6)
Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.
उवाच (uvāca) - Ruci said (she said, she spoke)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac
Perfect Tense, 3rd Person Singular, Active Voice
From root √vac (to speak). Irregular perfect form.
Root: vac (class 2)
नमस्ये (namasye) - I bow to (the ancestors) (I bow, I salute, I revere)
(verb)
1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of namas
Present Tense, 1st Person Singular, Middle Voice
From the noun 'namas' (homage) as a denominative verb 'namasya'. The root of 'namas' is √nam (to bow), which is class 1. Here, it is treated as a denominative verb.
Root: nam (class 1)
अहम् (aham) - I (Ruci) (I)
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of asmad
asmad - I, we
Nominative singular of 'asmad'.
Note: Subject of 'namasye'.
पितॄन् (pitṝn) - the ancestors (pitṝn) (ancestors, fathers (accusative plural))
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of pitṛ
pitṛ - father, ancestor
Note: Object of 'namasye'.
श्राद्धे (śrāddhe) - in the śrāddha (śraddhā) ceremony (in the śrāddha (ceremony), in faith)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of śrāddha
śrāddha - a religious ceremony performed for deceased ancestors, faith
From śrat (faith) + √dhā (to place).
Root: dhā (class 3)
Note: Refers to the context of the ceremony.
ये (ye) - those (ancestors) who (who, those who (masculine nominative plural))
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yad
yad - who, which, what
Nominative plural masculine of 'yad'.
Note: Subject of 'vasanti'.
वसन्ति (vasanti) - (the ancestors) who dwell (they dwell, they reside, they live)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vas
Present Tense, 3rd Person Plural, Active Voice
From root √vas (to dwell).
Root: vas (class 1)
Note: Subject is 'ye' (ancestors).
अधिदेवताः (adhidevatāḥ) - as presiding deities (adhidevatāḥ) (presiding deities, chief deities)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of adhidevatā
adhidevatā - presiding deity, chief deity
Compound noun.
Compound type : karmadhāraya (adhi+devatā)
- adhi – over, above, presiding
indeclinable
Preposition/prefix indicating superiority or position. - devatā – deity, divinity
noun (feminine)
From deva (god).
Root: div (class 4)
Note: Predicate nominative, describing the 'pitṝn'.
देवैः (devaiḥ) - by the gods (themselves) (by gods)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of deva
deva - god, deity, divine being
Root: div (class 4)
Note: Agent in the passive construction.
अपि (api) - even, also (even, also, too)
(indeclinable)
Conjunction/particle.
Note: Emphasizes that even gods gratify them.
हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)
(indeclinable)
Particle used for emphasis or causation.
तर्प्यन्ते (tarpyante) - (the ancestors) are gratified (they are gratified, they are satisfied, they are offered to)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of tṛp
Present Tense, 3rd Person Plural, Passive Voice
From root √tṛp (to satisfy) in the passive voice.
Root: tṛp (class 4)
ये (ye) - those (ancestors) who (who, those who (masculine nominative plural))
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yad
yad - who, which, what
Nominative plural masculine of 'yad'.
Note: Another instance of the relative pronoun referring to ancestors.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects the two clauses about gratification.
श्राद्धे (śrāddhe) - in the śrāddha (śraddhā) ceremony (in the śrāddha (ceremony), in faith)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of śrāddha
śrāddha - a religious ceremony performed for deceased ancestors, faith
From śrat (faith) + √dhā (to place).
Root: dhā (class 3)
Note: Same as previous instance, specifying the location/context.
स्वधोत्तरैः (svadhottaraiḥ) - by offerings accompanied by 'svadhā' (uttered during the ritual) (by those preceded/followed by 'svadhā', by oblations accompanied by 'svadhā')
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of svadhottara
svadhottara - accompanied by 'svadhā', having 'svadhā' at the end
Compound adjective.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svadhā+uttara)
- svadhā – a ritual exclamation (uttered at offerings to ancestors), intrinsic power
noun (feminine)
Used in ancestral rites, derived from 'sva' and √dhā.
Root: dhā (class 3) - uttara – subsequent, following, superior, ending
adjective
Prefix: ut
Root: tṛ (class 6)
Note: Instrumental plural, referring to the means of gratification (offerings).