योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-19, verse-5

स विप्रस्तस्य शैलस्य सानौ सरलशाद्वले ।
कदाचिदुपविष्टः सन्ददर्शाधो महीपतिम् ॥ ५ ॥

sa viprastasya śailasya sānau saralaśādvale ,
kadācidupaviṣṭaḥ sandadarśādho mahīpatim 5

5. saḥ vipraḥ tasya śailasya sānau sarala-śādvale
kadācit upaviṣṭaḥ san dadarśa adhaḥ mahīpatim

5. saḥ vipraḥ kadācit tasya śailasya sarala-śādvale
sānau upaviṣṭaḥ san adhaḥ mahīpatim dadarśa

5. Once, that Brahmin, while seated on a grassy spot on the peak of that mountain, saw the king below.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (referring to the Brahmin) (that, he)

• विप्रः (vipraḥ) - the Brahmin (Brahmin, inspired person, sage)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (mountain) (of that, his)

• शैलस्य (śailasya) - of that mountain (of the mountain, of the rock)

• सानौ (sānau) - on the peak (on the peak, on the summit, on the ridge)

• सरल-शाद्वले (sarala-śādvale) - on a grassy spot (perhaps with pine trees) (on a grassy spot with pine trees; on a smooth, grassy spot)

• कदाचित् (kadācit) - once (once, at some time, sometimes)

• उपविष्टः (upaviṣṭaḥ) - seated (seated, sitting)

• सन् (san) - while being (seated) (being, existing)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw (he saw, looked)

• अधः (adhaḥ) - below (from his vantage point) (below, down)

• महीपतिम् (mahīpatim) - the king (king, lord of the earth)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (referring to the Brahmin) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विप्रः (vipraḥ) - the Brahmin (Brahmin, inspired person, sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, inspired person, poet, sage

तस्य (tasya) - of that (mountain) (of that, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शैलस्य (śailasya) - of that mountain (of the mountain, of the rock)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śaila

śaila - mountain, rock

सानौ (sānau) - on the peak (on the peak, on the summit, on the ridge)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sānu

sānu - peak, summit, ridge, level ground on top of a mountain

सरल-शाद्वले (sarala-śādvale) - on a grassy spot (perhaps with pine trees) (on a grassy spot with pine trees; on a smooth, grassy spot)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of saralaśādvala

saralaśādvala - pine-grassy, smooth-grassy

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarala+śādvala)

• sarala – straight, simple, pine tree
  noun (masculine)
• śādvala – grassy, verdant, a grassy spot
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies sānu.

कदाचित् (kadācit) - once (once, at some time, sometimes)

(indeclinable)

उपविष्टः (upaviṣṭaḥ) - seated (seated, sitting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upaviṣṭa

upaviṣṭa - seated, sitting

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root viś (to enter) with upasarga upa, in passive voice.

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Modifies vipraḥ.

सन् (san) - while being (seated) (being, existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, real

Present Active Participle

Derived from root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used to form a circumstantial clause: "while being".

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw (he saw, looked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect Tense

Reduplicated perfect 3rd person singular active.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अधः (adhaḥ) - below (from his vantage point) (below, down)

(indeclinable)

महीपतिम् (mahīpatim) - the king (king, lord of the earth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, lord of the earth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of dadarśa.