योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-118, verse-8

स्थितः किं मूढ एवास्मि प्रेक्ष्येऽहं शास्त्रसज्जनैः ।
वैराग्यपूर्वमिच्छेति शुभेच्छेत्युच्यते बुधैः ॥ ८ ॥

sthitaḥ kiṃ mūḍha evāsmi prekṣye'haṃ śāstrasajjanaiḥ ,
vairāgyapūrvamiccheti śubhecchetyucyate budhaiḥ 8

8. sthitaḥ kim mūḍhaḥ eva asmi prekṣye aham śāstra-sajjanaiḥ
vairāgya-pūrvam icchā iti śubha-icchā iti ucyate budhaiḥ

8. aham kim mūḍhaḥ eva sthitaḥ asmi (ca) aham śāstra-sajjanaiḥ prekṣye.
vairāgya-pūrvam icchā iti śubha-icchā iti budhaiḥ ucyate.

8. "Am I merely remaining deluded while I am observed by scriptures and virtuous individuals?" This desire, which is preceded by dispassion (vairāgya), is called "auspicious desire" (śubhecchā) by the wise.

8. מדוע אשאר בבורותי? אחקור בעזרת הכתובים ואנשי המופת! תשוקה זו למציאות, המלווה באי-הקשרות, נקראת בפי החכמים הכוונה הטהורה.

Words meanings summery:

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - remaining (in a state) (standing, situated, remaining, fixed)

• किम् (kim) - interrogative particle, implying a question (what, why, whether, interrogative particle)

• मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - deluded, in a state of ignorance (deluded, foolish, bewildered)

• एव (eva) - merely (only, merely, indeed, certainly)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am, expressing existence or state (I am)

• प्रेक्ष्ये (prekṣye) - I am observed, I am examined (I am seen, I am observed, I am looked upon)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• शास्त्र-सज्जनैः (śāstra-sajjanaiḥ) - by the teachings of scriptures and the company of virtuous individuals (by scriptures and good people)

• वैराग्य-पूर्वम् (vairāgya-pūrvam) - having dispassion (vairāgya) as its prerequisite or origin (preceded by dispassion, having dispassion as its prior condition)

• इच्छा (icchā) - desire, a specific type of aspiration (desire, wish)

• इति (iti) - quotation marker, indicating a definition or a name (thus, so, in this way, quotation marker)

• शुभ-इच्छा (śubha-icchā) - an auspicious desire, referring to the first stage of yoga practice (auspicious desire, good wish)

• इति (iti) - quotation marker, indicating a definition or a name (thus, so, in this way, quotation marker)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is named (is said, is called, is spoken of)

• बुधैः (budhaiḥ) - by the wise sages or spiritual masters (by the wise, by scholars)

Words meanings and morphology

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - remaining (in a state) (standing, situated, remaining, fixed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, remaining, fixed, firm, steady

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (1P) 'to stand' with suffix -kta

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used predicatively with `asmi`

किम् (kim) - interrogative particle, implying a question (what, why, whether, interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - deluded, in a state of ignorance (deluded, foolish, bewildered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - deluded, foolish, bewildered, ignorant

Past Passive Participle

From root muh (4P) 'to be bewildered' + -kta

Root: muh (class 4)

एव (eva) - merely (only, merely, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

अस्मि (asmi) - I am, expressing existence or state (I am)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Present Tense

Root 'as' (2P), Present, 1st person singular

Root: as (class 2)

प्रेक्ष्ये (prekṣye) - I am observed, I am examined (I am seen, I am observed, I am looked upon)

(verb)

1st person , singular, passive, present (lat) of pra-īkṣ

Present Tense Passive

From root īkṣ (1A) 'to see' with prefix pra-, Present, 1st person singular, Passive voice

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I (first person singular pronoun)

शास्त्र-सज्जनैः (śāstra-sajjanaiḥ) - by the teachings of scriptures and the company of virtuous individuals (by scriptures and good people)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śāstra-sajjana

śāstra-sajjana - scriptures and good people; virtuous individuals who adhere to scriptures

Compound type : dvandva (śāstra+sajjana)

• śāstra – scripture, sacred text, treatise, rule
  noun (neuter)
  From root śās 'to teach, instruct'
  Root: śās (class 2)
• sajjana – good person, virtuous individual, upright person
  noun (masculine)
  From sat 'good, virtuous' + jana 'person'

Note: The instrumental plural suggests agency for the passive verb `prekṣye`

वैराग्य-पूर्वम् (vairāgya-pūrvam) - having dispassion (vairāgya) as its prerequisite or origin (preceded by dispassion, having dispassion as its prior condition)

(indeclinable)

Bahuvrihi compound 'that in which dispassion is primary/prior'

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vairāgya+pūrva)

• vairāgya – dispassion, detachment, indifference to worldly objects
  noun (neuter)
  From vi-rañj 'to be discolored, detached'
  Prefix: vi
  Root: rañj (class 1)
• pūrva – prior, preceding, former, eastern
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Adverbial accusative of an adjective, modifying the nature of the desire

इच्छा (icchā) - desire, a specific type of aspiration (desire, wish)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of icchā

icchā - desire, wish, longing, will

From root iṣ (6P, 4P) 'to wish, desire'

Root: iṣ (class 6)

इति (iti) - quotation marker, indicating a definition or a name (thus, so, in this way, quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

शुभ-इच्छा (śubha-icchā) - an auspicious desire, referring to the first stage of yoga practice (auspicious desire, good wish)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śubha-icchā

śubha-icchā - auspicious desire, good wish, benevolent intention

Compound formed from `śubha` (adjective 'auspicious') and `icchā` (noun 'desire')

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śubha+icchā)

• śubha – auspicious, good, beautiful, propitious
  adjective (neuter)
• icchā – desire, wish, longing
  noun (feminine)
  From root iṣ 'to wish'
  Root: iṣ (class 6)

इति (iti) - quotation marker, indicating a definition or a name (thus, so, in this way, quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repetition for emphasis or clarity of the naming

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is named (is said, is called, is spoken of)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of vac

Present Tense Passive

From root vac (2P) 'to speak', Present, 3rd person singular, Passive voice

Root: vac (class 2)

बुधैः (budhaiḥ) - by the wise sages or spiritual masters (by the wise, by scholars)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of budha

budha - wise, intelligent, learned person, a sage

From root budh (1A, 4A) 'to know, understand'

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Denotes agency for the passive verb `ucyate`

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