योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-7, verse-8

दैन्यदारिद्र्यदुःखार्ता अपि साधो नरोत्तमाः ।
पौरुषेणैव यत्नेन याता देवेन्द्रतुल्यताम् ॥ ८ ॥

dainyadāridryaduḥkhārtā api sādho narottamāḥ ,
pauruṣeṇaiva yatnena yātā devendratulyatām 8

8. dainya-dāridrya-duḥkha-ārtāḥ api sādho nara-uttamāḥ
pauruṣeṇa eva yatnena yātāḥ deva-indra-tulyatām

8. sādho api dainya-dāridrya-duḥkha-ārtāḥ nara-uttamāḥ
pauruṣeṇa eva yatnena deva-indra-tulyatām yātāḥ

8. O virtuous one (sādho), even those most excellent men (narottamāḥ) who were afflicted by wretchedness, poverty, and suffering (duḥkha), attained a status equal to that of the king of gods (devendra) solely through their human effort (pauruṣa) and diligence.

8. אדם נבון, אפילו דגולי האנשים שסבלו מעוני, מדלות וממצוקה, הגיעו למעמד השווה לזה של אִינְדְרַה (מלך האלים) באמצעות יוזמה ומאמץ בלתי נלאה.

Words meanings summery:

• दैन्य-दारिद्र्य-दुःख-आर्ताः (dainya-dāridrya-duḥkha-ārtāḥ) - afflicted by wretchedness, poverty, and suffering (afflicted by wretchedness, poverty, and misery)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also)

• साधो (sādho) - O virtuous one (sādho) (O good one, O virtuous one, O saint)

• नर-उत्तमाः (nara-uttamāḥ) - most excellent men (narottamāḥ) (excellent men, best among men, noble men)

• पौरुषेण (pauruṣeṇa) - solely through human effort (pauruṣa) (by human effort, by manly exertion)

• एव (eva) - indeed, exactly (only, just, indeed, precisely)

• यत्नेन (yatnena) - by diligence (by effort, by exertion, by diligence, by perseverance)

• याताः (yātāḥ) - attained (a status) (gone, arrived, attained, gone to)

• देव-इन्द्र-तुल्यताम् (deva-indra-tulyatām) - a status equal to that of the king of gods (devendra) (equality with the king of gods)

Words meanings and morphology

दैन्य-दारिद्र्य-दुःख-आर्ताः (dainya-dāridrya-duḥkha-ārtāḥ) - afflicted by wretchedness, poverty, and suffering (afflicted by wretchedness, poverty, and misery)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dainya-dāridrya-duḥkha-ārta

dainya-dāridrya-duḥkha-ārta - afflicted by wretchedness, poverty, and suffering

Compound of dainya (wretchedness), dāridrya (poverty), duḥkha (suffering), and ārta (afflicted).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dainya+dāridrya+duḥkha+ārta)

• dainya – wretchedness, misery, humility, lamentation
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from dīna (wretched) with suffix -yañ.
• dāridrya – poverty, indigence
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from daridra (poor) with suffix -yañ.
• duḥkha – suffering, misery, pain, sorrow
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, suffering, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √ṛ (to go/suffer) or √ard (to pain).
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'narottamāḥ'.

अपि (api) - even (even, also)

(indeclinable)

साधो (sādho) - O virtuous one (sādho) (O good one, O virtuous one, O saint)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, saint, holy man, effective

Note: Addressed to the listener/reader.

नर-उत्तमाः (nara-uttamāḥ) - most excellent men (narottamāḥ) (excellent men, best among men, noble men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara-uttama

nara-uttama - excellent man, best among men, noble man

Compound of nara (man) and uttama (best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+uttama)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest, principal
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'yātāḥ'.

पौरुषेण (pauruṣeṇa) - solely through human effort (pauruṣa) (by human effort, by manly exertion)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pauruṣa

pauruṣa - human effort, manly exertion, valor, virility, human nature, power

Derived from puruṣa (person, man) with suffix -aN, denoting 'relating to puruṣa' or 'qualities of puruṣa'.

Note: The means by which they attained the status.

एव (eva) - indeed, exactly (only, just, indeed, precisely)

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphatic particle.

यत्नेन (yatnena) - by diligence (by effort, by exertion, by diligence, by perseverance)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yatna

yatna - effort, exertion, diligence, endeavor, perseverance

From √yat (to strive).

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Instrumental, indicates means.

याताः (yātāḥ) - attained (a status) (gone, arrived, attained, gone to)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yāta

yāta - gone, arrived, passed, attained, known

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √yā (to go).

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Acts as a verb here, agreeing with 'narottamāḥ'.

देव-इन्द्र-तुल्यताम् (deva-indra-tulyatām) - a status equal to that of the king of gods (devendra) (equality with the king of gods)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of deva-indra-tulyatā

deva-indra-tulyatā - equality with the king of gods

Compound of deva-indra (king of gods) and tulyatā (equality, similarity).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva-indra+tulyatā)

• deva-indra – king of gods, Indra
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: deva (god) + indra (king).
• tulyatā – equality, similarity, likeness
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from tulya (equal) with suffix -tā.

Note: Object of 'yātāḥ'.

Previous Verse Next Verse