वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-61, verse-2

पाणौ पाणिं विनिष्पिष्य दन्तान् कटकटाय्य च ।
लवणो रघुशार्दूलमाह्वयामास चासकृत् ॥२॥

2. pāṇau pāṇiṃ viniṣpiṣya dantān kaṭakaṭāyya ca ,
lavaṇo raghuśārdūlamāhvayāmāsa cāsakṛt.

2. pāṇau pāṇim viniṣpiṣya dantān kaṭakaṭāyya ca
lavaṇaḥ raghuśārdūlam āhvayāmāsa ca asakṛt

2. pāṇau pāṇim viniṣpiṣya ca dantān kaṭakaṭāyya
lavaṇaḥ raghuśārdūlam asakṛt ca āhvayāmāsa

2. Rubbing his hands together and gnashing his teeth, Lavaṇa repeatedly challenged the best of the Raghus (Raghuśārdūla).

Words meanings summery:

• पाणौ (pāṇau) - on one hand (on the hand, in the hand)

• पाणिम् (pāṇim) - the other hand (hand)

• विनिष्पिष्य (viniṣpiṣya) - having rubbed (together) (having rubbed, having crushed)

• दन्तान् (dantān) - teeth

• कटकटाय्य (kaṭakaṭāyya) - having gnashed (teeth)

• च (ca) - and

• लवणः (lavaṇaḥ) - Lavaṇa (proper name)

• रघुशार्दूलम् (raghuśārdūlam) - the best of the Raghus (Shatrughna) (the tiger among the Raghus, the best of the Raghus)

• आह्वयामास (āhvayāmāsa) - he challenged, he called out

• च (ca) - and

• असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly, frequently

Words meanings and morphology

पाणौ (pāṇau) - on one hand (on the hand, in the hand)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pāṇi

pāṇi - hand

Locative singular of 'pāṇi'.

पाणिम् (pāṇim) - the other hand (hand)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇi

pāṇi - hand

Accusative singular of 'pāṇi'.

Note: Direct object of 'viniṣpiṣya', implying one hand rubbed against the other.

विनिष्पिष्य (viniṣpiṣya) - having rubbed (together) (having rubbed, having crushed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Absolutive (gerund) of the root 'piṣ' (to crush, grind) with prefixes 'vi-' and 'ni-'.

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: piṣ (class 7)

Note: Describes an action performed prior to the main verb.

दन्तान् (dantān) - teeth

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of danta

danta - tooth, tusk

Accusative plural of 'danta'.

Note: Direct object of 'kaṭakaṭāyya'.

कटकटाय्य (kaṭakaṭāyya) - having gnashed (teeth)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Absolutive (gerund) of the onomatopoeic root 'kaṭakaṭā' (to gnash, clatter).

Root: kaṭakaṭā

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

लवणः (lavaṇaḥ) - Lavaṇa (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lavaṇa

lavaṇa - Lavaṇa (name of a demon king), salt

Nominative singular of 'lavaṇa'.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

रघुशार्दूलम् (raghuśārdūlam) - the best of the Raghus (Shatrughna) (the tiger among the Raghus, the best of the Raghus)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of raghuśārdūla

raghuśārdūla - tiger among the Raghus (epithet for a hero of the Raghu lineage)

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'raghu' (Raghu's) + 'śārdūla' (tiger).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raghu+śārdūla)

• raghu – name of a king, a descendant of Raghu
  proper noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger, best among
  noun (masculine)
  Used as the second part of a compound to denote excellence.

Note: Direct object of 'āhvayāmāsa'.

आह्वयामास (āhvayāmāsa) - he challenged, he called out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of āhvā

perfect active

Periphrastic perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of the root 'hvā' (to call) with prefix 'ā-'. Formed by the verbal noun 'āhvayām' and the auxiliary verb 'āsa'.

Prefix: ā

Root: hvā (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly, frequently

(indeclinable)

Negative compound of 'a' (not) and 'sakṛt' (once).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (a+sakṛt)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• sakṛt – once, at once
  indeclinable
  Derived from 'sa' (one) and 'kṛt' (time, act).

Note: Adverbial modifier for 'āhvayāmāsa'.