वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-45, verse-24

नित्यं त्वं रामपादेषु वर्तसे पुरुषर्षभ ।
कच्चिद्विनाकृतस्तेन द्विरात्रे शोकमागतः ॥२४॥

24. nityaṃ tvaṃ rāmapādeṣu vartase puruṣarṣabha ,
kaccidvinākṛtastena dvirātre śokamāgataḥ.

24. nityam tvam rāmapādeṣu vartase puruṣarṣabha
kaccit vinākṛtaḥ tena dvirātre śokam āgataḥ

24. You are always at Rama's feet, O best among men (puruṣa)! I hope you have not become overcome with grief (śoka) by being separated from him for two nights?

Words meanings summery:

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular) (you)

• रामपादेषु (rāmapādeṣu) - at Rama's feet

• वर्तसे (vartase) - you abide (you exist, you are, you turn)

• पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O best among men (puruṣa) (O best among men)

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope (you have not) (I hope that, surely not, perhaps)

• विनाकृतः (vinākṛtaḥ) - separated from (separated from, deprived of, left without)

• तेन (tena) - by him (Rama) (by him, by that)

• द्विरात्रे (dvirātre) - for two nights (duration or time) (for two nights, on the second night)

• शोकम् (śokam) - grief (śoka) (sorrow, grief, sadness)

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - come (into grief), overcome (come, arrived, obtained)

Words meanings and morphology

नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

Note: Subject of vartase.

रामपादेषु (rāmapādeṣu) - at Rama's feet

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of rāmapāda

rāmapāda - feet of Rama

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rāma+pāda)

• rāma – Rama
  proper noun (masculine)
• pāda – foot, leg, quarter
  noun (masculine)

Note: Expresses 'location'.

वर्तसे (vartase) - you abide (you exist, you are, you turn)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

present middle

Present tense, 2nd person singular, middle voice, from root vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)

पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O best among men (puruṣa) (O best among men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - bull of men, best among men, excellent man

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, human being, person, cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Address.

कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope (you have not) (I hope that, surely not, perhaps)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates a question with an implied expectation (often negative).

विनाकृतः (vinākṛtaḥ) - separated from (separated from, deprived of, left without)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinākṛta

vinākṛta - separated from, deprived of, left without

past passive participle

Derived from root kṛ with indeclinable vinā

Compound type : avyayībhāva (vinā+kṛta)

• vinā – without, except for
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, caused, separated (in compound with vinā)
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  Derived from root kṛ 'to do, make'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Lakshmana).

तेन (tena) - by him (Rama) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agent of separation (vinākṛtaḥ).

द्विरात्रे (dvirātre) - for two nights (duration or time) (for two nights, on the second night)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dvirātra

dvirātra - two nights, a period of two nights

Compound type : dvigu (dvi+rātra)

• dvi – two
  numeral (neuter)
• rātra – night
  noun (neuter)

Note: Expresses 'duration in locative'.

शोकम् (śokam) - grief (śoka) (sorrow, grief, sadness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, sadness, lamentation

Derived from root śuc 'to grieve'

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Object of āgataḥ (implied 'has come into sorrow').

आगतः (āgataḥ) - come (into grief), overcome (come, arrived, obtained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, approached, returned, obtained

past passive participle

Derived from root gam with upasarga ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Implied verb 'to be'.