वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-45, verse-22

सीता तु परमायत्ता दृष्ट्वा लक्ष्मणमातुरम् ।
उवाच वाक्यं धर्मज्ञ किमिदं रुद्यते त्वया ॥२२॥

22. sītā tu paramāyattā dṛṣṭvā lakṣmaṇamāturam ,
uvāca vākyaṃ dharmajña kimidaṃ rudyate tvayā.

22. sītā tu paramāyattā dṛṣṭvā lakṣmaṇam āturam
uvāca vākyam dharmajña kim idam rudyate tvayā

22. But Sita (sītā), greatly agitated, seeing Lakshmana (lakṣmaṇa) distressed, spoke these words: "O knower of natural law (dharma), why are you weeping like this?"

Words meanings summery:

• सीता (sītā) - Sita (Rama's wife) (Sita)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• परमायत्ता (paramāyattā) - greatly agitated (extremely dependent, greatly distressed/agitated, thoroughly self-controlled)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - Lakshmana (Rama's brother) (Lakshmana)

• आतुरम् (āturam) - distressed (distressed, sick, agitated, suffering)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (as speech) (speech, word, sentence)

• धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - O knower of natural law (dharma) (knower of dharma, righteous person)

• किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

• इदम् (idam) - this (referring to the weeping) (this, here)

• रुद्यते (rudyate) - is being wept (or 'why are you weeping') (is wept, is cried)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

Words meanings and morphology

सीता (sītā) - Sita (Rama's wife) (Sita)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sita, furrow, line

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

परमायत्ता (paramāyattā) - greatly agitated (extremely dependent, greatly distressed/agitated, thoroughly self-controlled)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of paramāyatta

paramāyatta - greatly dependent, completely subject to, thoroughly controlled, greatly agitated

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+āyatta)

• parama – supreme, highest, utmost, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• āyatta – dependent on, relating to, engaged in, controlled, also 'agitated' in certain contexts
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  Derived from root yat with upasarga ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Sita.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root dṛś with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - Lakshmana (Rama's brother) (Lakshmana)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

आतुरम् (āturam) - distressed (distressed, sick, agitated, suffering)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātura

ātura - sick, diseased, distressed, suffering, anxious, agitated

Note: Qualifies Lakshmana.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect (liṭ)

Perfect form of root vac (often taking irregular forms)

Root: vac (class 2)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (as speech) (speech, word, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, saying, sentence, expression

Derived from root vac 'to speak'

Root: vac

Note: Object of uvāca.

धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - O knower of natural law (dharma) (knower of dharma, righteous person)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of dharma, righteous, virtuous

Compound: dharma + jña (from jñā 'to know')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jñā)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jñā – knowing, knower of
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/suffix
  Derived from root jñā 'to know'
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Addressing Lakshmana.

किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, whether

Note: Used adverbially as 'why'.

इदम् (idam) - this (referring to the weeping) (this, here)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here, present

Note: Refers to the action.

रुद्यते (rudyate) - is being wept (or 'why are you weeping') (is wept, is cried)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of rud

present passive

Present tense, 3rd person singular, passive voice, from root rud

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: The agent is tvayā.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

Note: Agent of passive verb rudyate.