वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-45, verse-21

अथार्धदिवसं गत्वा भागीरथ्या जलाशयम् ।
निरीक्ष्य लक्ष्मणो दीनः प्ररुरोद महास्वनम् ॥२१॥

21. athārdhadivasaṃ gatvā bhāgīrathyā jalāśayam ,
nirīkṣya lakṣmaṇo dīnaḥ praruroda mahāsvanam.

21. atha ardhadivasam gatvā bhāgīrathyāḥ jalāśayam
nirīkṣya lakṣmaṇaḥ dīnaḥ praruroda mahāsvanam

21. Then, after travelling for half a day, Lakshmana (lakṣmaṇa), distressed upon seeing the body of water of the Ganga (bhāgīrathī), wept with a loud sound.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, next, now)

• अर्धदिवसम् (ardhadivasam) - half a day (duration of travel) (half a day, mid-day)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone (traveled) (having gone)

• भागीरथ्याः (bhāgīrathyāḥ) - of the river Ganga (of the Ganga, belonging to Bhagiratha)

• जलाशयम् (jalāśayam) - body of water (referring to the river Ganga) (reservoir, lake, body of water)

• निरीक्ष्य (nirīkṣya) - having seen (having seen, having observed)

• लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana (Rama's brother) (Lakshmana)

• दीनः (dīnaḥ) - distressed (miserable, distressed, sad, poor)

• प्ररुरोद (praruroda) - wept loudly (wept loudly, cried out)

• महास्वनम् (mahāsvanam) - with a loud sound (with a great sound, loudly, a great sound)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, next, now)

(indeclinable)

अर्धदिवसम् (ardhadivasam) - half a day (duration of travel) (half a day, mid-day)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ardhadivasa

ardhadivasa - half a day

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ardha+divasa)

• ardha – half, part
  noun (masculine)
• divasa – day
  noun (masculine)

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone (traveled) (having gone)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root gam with suffix -tvā

Root: gam (class 1)

भागीरथ्याः (bhāgīrathyāḥ) - of the river Ganga (of the Ganga, belonging to Bhagiratha)

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of bhāgīrathī

bhāgīrathī - the river Ganga (named after King Bhagiratha)

जलाशयम् (jalāśayam) - body of water (referring to the river Ganga) (reservoir, lake, body of water)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jalāśaya

jalāśaya - reservoir, tank, pond, lake, any receptacle for water

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jala+āśaya)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• āśaya – receptacle, abode, container, intention
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śī (class 2)

निरीक्ष्य (nirīkṣya) - having seen (having seen, having observed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root īkṣ with upasarga nir- and suffix -ya

Prefix: nir

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana (Rama's brother) (Lakshmana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana

दीनः (dīnaḥ) - distressed (miserable, distressed, sad, poor)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - distressed, miserable, sad, afflicted, weak, poor

past passive participle

Derived from root dī, 'to decay, perish'

Root: dī (class 4)

प्ररुरोद (praruroda) - wept loudly (wept loudly, cried out)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of prarud

perfect (liṭ)

Perfect form of root rud with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: rud (class 2)

महास्वनम् (mahāsvanam) - with a loud sound (with a great sound, loudly, a great sound)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāsvana

mahāsvana - a great sound, loud noise

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+svana)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• svana – sound, noise, voice
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Adverbial accusative, often used to express 'with X'.