वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-21, verse-6

एष नाम्ना दशग्रीवः पितृराज निशाचरः ।
उपयाति वशं नेतुं विक्रमैस्त्वां सुदुर्जयम् ॥६॥

6. eṣa nāmnā daśagrīvaḥ pitṛrāja niśācaraḥ ,
upayāti vaśaṃ netuṃ vikramaistvāṃ sudurjayam.

6. eṣaḥ nāmnā daśagrīvaḥ pitṛrāja niśācaraḥ
upayāti vaśam netum vikramaiḥ tvām sudurjayam

6. This one, named Dashagriva, a powerful demon (niśācara), is approaching to bring you, who are exceedingly difficult to defeat, under his control by his acts of valor.

Words meanings summery:

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (referring to Dashagriva) (this, this one)

• नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name

• दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Dashagriva (Ravana) (ten-necked, Dashagriva (Ravana))

• पितृराज (pitṛrāja) - a king among demons, powerful ruler (king of the ancestors, king of the Pitṛs (Yama), powerful king)

• निशाचरः (niśācaraḥ) - demon, night-wanderer (night-wanderer, demon, Rākṣasa)

• उपयाति (upayāti) - approaches (approaches, comes near, intends to)

• वशम् (vaśam) - under control, into his sway (control, power, sway, will)

• नेतुम् (netum) - to bring (under control) (to lead, to carry, to bring, to guide)

• विक्रमैः (vikramaiḥ) - by his acts of valor (by valor, by powerful strides, by mighty deeds)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (referring to the addressee, possibly Rama) (you (accusative))

• सुदुर्जयम् (sudurjayam) - exceedingly difficult to defeat (very difficult to conquer, unconquerable)

Words meanings and morphology

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (referring to Dashagriva) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun

नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, appellation

n-stem noun

दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Dashagriva (Ravana) (ten-necked, Dashagriva (Ravana))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśagrīva

daśagrīva - one with ten necks (epithet of Ravana)

Compound of daśa (ten) and grīva (neck).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśa+grīva)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• grīva – neck
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

पितृराज (pitṛrāja) - a king among demons, powerful ruler (king of the ancestors, king of the Pitṛs (Yama), powerful king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛrāja

pitṛrāja - king of the ancestors (Pitṛs), Yama, powerful ruler, leader

Compound of pitṛ (ancestor/father) and rājan (king).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+rājan)

• pitṛ – father, ancestor, forefather
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: In apposition to Daśagrīva.

निशाचरः (niśācaraḥ) - demon, night-wanderer (night-wanderer, demon, Rākṣasa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niśācara

niśācara - night-wanderer, demon, Rākṣasa

Compound of niśā (night) and cara (moving, wandering).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, going, wanderer
  noun (masculine)
  From √car (to move, wander)
  Root: √car (class 1)

Note: In apposition to Daśagrīva.

उपयाति (upayāti) - approaches (approaches, comes near, intends to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of upa-√yā

Present active indicative

From upa + √yā (2nd class verb)

Prefix: upa

Root: √yā (class 2)

Note: Action of Daśagrīva.

वशम् (vaśam) - under control, into his sway (control, power, sway, will)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - will, power, control, authority, sway

Note: Direct object of the infinitive 'netum'.

नेतुम् (netum) - to bring (under control) (to lead, to carry, to bring, to guide)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of √nī

Infinitive

From √nī (1st class verb)

Root: √nī (class 1)

विक्रमैः (vikramaiḥ) - by his acts of valor (by valor, by powerful strides, by mighty deeds)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vikrama

vikrama - valor, might, courage, powerful stride, act of power

From vi-√kram (to step forth, be valorous)

Prefix: vi

Root: √kram (class 1)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (referring to the addressee, possibly Rama) (you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Second person pronoun

Note: Direct object of 'netum'.

सुदुर्जयम् (sudurjayam) - exceedingly difficult to defeat (very difficult to conquer, unconquerable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sudurjaya

sudurjaya - very difficult to conquer, unconquerable, invincible

Gerundive (kṛtya)

Compound of su- (very, good) + dur- (difficult) + √ji (to conquer) with -ya suffix.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dur+jaya)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix for 'good' or 'very'
• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
  Prefix for 'difficult' or 'bad'
• jaya – conquerable, victory
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  From √ji (to conquer)
  Suffix -a after √ji
  Root: √ji (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tvām'.