वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-21, verse-11

ततस्तान् वध्यमानांस्तु कर्मभिर्दुष्कृतैः स्वकैः ।
रावणो मोचयामास विक्रमेण बलाद्बली ॥११॥

11. tatastān vadhyamānāṃstu karmabhirduṣkṛtaiḥ svakaiḥ ,
rāvaṇo mocayāmāsa vikrameṇa balādbalī.

11. tataḥ tān vadhyamānān tu karmabhiḥ duṣkṛtaiḥ
svakaiḥ rāvaṇaḥ mocayāmāsa vikrameṇa balāt balī

11. Then, the powerful Ravana, by his valor and forcibly, liberated those living beings who were being tormented by their own evil (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from there)

• तान् (tān) - those (living beings) (those, them)

• वध्यमानान् (vadhyamānān) - being tormented (being killed, being slain, being tormented)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

• कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by their actions (karma) (by actions, by deeds (karma))

• दुष्कृतैः (duṣkṛtaiḥ) - by their evil (karma) (by evil deeds, by sins)

• स्वकैः (svakaiḥ) - by their own (by one's own, by their own)

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana

• मोचयामास (mocayāmāsa) - liberated (caused to be freed, liberated, released)

• विक्रमेण (vikrameṇa) - by valor (by valor, by might, by heroic stride)

• बलात् (balāt) - forcibly (by force, forcibly, from strength)

• बली (balī) - the powerful one (powerful, strong)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from there)

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

तान् (tān) - those (living beings) (those, them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'mocayāmāsa', refers to 'prāṇinaḥ' from previous verse.

वध्यमानान् (vadhyamānān) - being tormented (being killed, being slain, being tormented)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

han - to strike, to kill

Present Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill) which changes to 'vadh' in some passive and causative forms, with suffix 'śānac'.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'tān'.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by their actions (karma) (by actions, by deeds (karma))

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, destiny (karma)

From root 'kṛ' (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Instrument by which they were tormented.

दुष्कृतैः (duṣkṛtaiḥ) - by their evil (karma) (by evil deeds, by sins)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of duṣkṛta

duṣkṛta - ill-done, evil deed, sin

Past Passive Participle

From 'dus' (bad) and root 'kṛ' (to do)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+kṛta)

• dus – bad, difficult
  indeclinable
  prefix
• kṛta – done, made, deed
  adjective/noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṛ'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'karmabhiḥ'.

स्वकैः (svakaiḥ) - by their own (by one's own, by their own)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of svaka

svaka - one's own, peculiar to oneself

Note: Modifies 'karmabhiḥ' and 'duṣkṛtaiḥ'.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (proper name of the demon king)

Note: Subject of 'mocayāmāsa'.

मोचयामास (mocayāmāsa) - liberated (caused to be freed, liberated, released)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of muc

Causative Perfect

Intensive/Perfect form of causative of 'muc', using 'ām' suffix.

Root: muc (class 6)

विक्रमेण (vikrameṇa) - by valor (by valor, by might, by heroic stride)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vikrama

vikrama - valor, might, courage, heroic stride

From root 'kram' (to step) with prefix 'vi'

Prefix: vi

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Instrument by which Ravana liberated.

बलात् (balāt) - forcibly (by force, forcibly, from strength)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use of ablative.

बली (balī) - the powerful one (powerful, strong)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balin

balin - strong, powerful, mighty

Suffix -in (possessive)

Note: Modifies 'rāvaṇaḥ'.