वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-16, verse-12

स वानरमुखं दृष्ट्वा तमवज्ञाय राक्षसः ।
प्रहासं मुमुचे मौर्ख्यात् सतोय इव तोयदः ॥१२॥

12. sa vānaramukhaṃ dṛṣṭvā tamavajñāya rākṣasaḥ ,
prahāsaṃ mumuce maurkhyāt satoya iva toyadaḥ.

12. saḥ vānaramukham dṛṣṭvā tam avajñāya rākṣasaḥ
prahāsam mumuce maurkhyāt satoyaḥ iva toyadaḥ

12. saḥ rākṣasaḥ vānaramukham tam dṛṣṭvā avajñāya
maurkhyāt satoyaḥ toyadaḥ iva prahāsam mumuce

12. Upon seeing his ape-like face, the demon, despising him, burst into loud laughter out of foolishness, just like a cloud heavy with water.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - He (Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

• वानरमुखम् (vānaramukham) - ape-faced one, having an ape's face

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• अवज्ञाय (avajñāya) - having disregarded, despising

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - Rāvaṇa, the demon (the demon)

• प्रहासम् (prahāsam) - loud laughter, derisive laughter

• मुमुचे (mumuce) - he let out, he burst forth with

• मौर्ख्यात् (maurkhyāt) - from foolishness, out of ignorance

• सतोयः (satoyaḥ) - with water, containing water, water-laden

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• तोयदः (toyadaḥ) - a rain cloud, water-giver

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - He (Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वानरमुखम् (vānaramukham) - ape-faced one, having an ape's face

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vānaramukha

vānaramukha - ape-faced, having the face of an ape

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vānara+mukha)

• vānara – ape, monkey
  noun (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Gerund/Absolutive

Gerund (absolutive) of root 'dṛś'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अवज्ञाय (avajñāya) - having disregarded, despising

(indeclinable)

Gerund/Absolutive

Gerund (absolutive) of root 'jñā' with prefix 'ava'

Prefix: ava

Root: jñā (class 9)

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - Rāvaṇa, the demon (the demon)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, pertaining to a Rākṣasa

प्रहासम् (prahāsam) - loud laughter, derisive laughter

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prahāsa

prahāsa - loud laughter, derision, mocking laughter

Noun derived from root '√has' with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

मुमुचे (mumuce) - he let out, he burst forth with

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of muc

Root: muc (class 6)

मौर्ख्यात् (maurkhyāt) - from foolishness, out of ignorance

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of maurkhya

maurkhya - foolishness, ignorance, stupidity

सतोयः (satoyaḥ) - with water, containing water, water-laden

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satoya

satoya - containing water, watery

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+toya)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'with' or 'having'.
• toya – water
  noun (neuter)

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

तोयदः (toyadaḥ) - a rain cloud, water-giver

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of toyada

toyada - cloud (giver of water)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (toya+da)

• toya – water
  noun (neuter)
• da – giver, bestower
  adjective
  Agent noun
  Derived from root 'dā' (to give).
  Root: dā (class 3)