वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-97, verse-15

स रावणाय संक्रुद्धो भृशमायम्य कार्मुकम् ।
चिक्षेप परमायत्तस्तं शरं मर्मघातिनम् ॥१५॥

15. sa rāvaṇāya saṃkruddho bhṛśamāyamya kārmukam ,
cikṣepa paramāyattastaṃ śaraṃ marmaghātinam.

15. saḥ rāvaṇāya saṃkruddhaḥ bhṛśam āyamya kārmukam
cikṣepa paramāyattaḥ tam śaram marmaghātinam

15. Greatly enraged at Rāvaṇa, he pulled his bow back tightly. Fully prepared, he then shot that vital-spot-piercing arrow.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Rama) (he, that)

• रावणाय (rāvaṇāya) - at (towards) Ravana (to Ravana, for Ravana)

• संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged (greatly enraged, very angry)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - tightly, fiercely (modifying the action of drawing) (greatly, intensely, very)

• आयम्य (āyamya) - having drawn (the bow) (having stretched, having drawn (a bow))

• कार्मुकम् (kārmukam) - the bow (bow)

• चिक्षेप (cikṣepa) - he shot (the arrow) (he threw, he hurled, he shot)

• परमायत्तः (paramāyattaḥ) - fully prepared, intensely focused (completely ready, intensely focused, thoroughly prepared)

• तम् (tam) - that (arrow) (that, him, it)

• शरम् (śaram) - the arrow (arrow)

• मर्मघातिनम् (marmaghātinam) - striking vital spots (striking vital parts, mortally wounding)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Rama) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Subject of the sentence.

रावणाय (rāvaṇāya) - at (towards) Ravana (to Ravana, for Ravana)

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (proper noun)

Root: ru (class 2)

संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged (greatly enraged, very angry)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - very angry, enraged

Past Passive Participle

From saṃ-√krudh (to be angry).

Prefix: sam

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Describes Rama.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - tightly, fiercely (modifying the action of drawing) (greatly, intensely, very)

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular neuter of bhṛśa used adverbially.

आयम्य (āyamya) - having drawn (the bow) (having stretched, having drawn (a bow))

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From ā-√yam (to stretch, extend) + lyap suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: yam (class 1)

कार्मुकम् (kārmukam) - the bow (bow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kārmuka

kārmuka - bow, made of kārmuka tree wood

From karmuk (a kind of tree) + aṇ suffix.

चिक्षेप (cikṣepa) - he shot (the arrow) (he threw, he hurled, he shot)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of kṣip

Perfect (Lit)

3rd person singular Perfect active of √kṣip.

Root: kṣip (class 6)

परमायत्तः (paramāyattaḥ) - fully prepared, intensely focused (completely ready, intensely focused, thoroughly prepared)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramāyatta

paramāyatta - completely concentrated, fully prepared, intensely engaged

Past Passive Participle

Compound. From parama + āyatta (from ā-√yam or ā-√yat).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+āyatta)

• parama – supreme, highest, utmost
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
• āyatta – dependent, concentrated, prepared
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ā-√yat (to strive, be dependent) or ā-√yam (to control/draw).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Describes Rama.

तम् (tam) - that (arrow) (that, him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Qualifies 'śaram'.

शरम् (śaram) - the arrow (arrow)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śara

śara - arrow, reed, water

From √śṛ (to break, to go).

Root: śṛ (class 9)

मर्मघातिनम् (marmaghātinam) - striking vital spots (striking vital parts, mortally wounding)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of marmaghātin

marmaghātin - striking vital parts, mortally wounding

Compound. From marman (vital spot) + ghātin (striker).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (marman+ghātin)

• marman – vital spot, vulnerable point, joint
  noun (neuter)
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• ghātin – killer, slayer, striking
  adjective (masculine)
  From √han (to strike, kill) + ṇini suffix.
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Adjective describing the arrow.