वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-34, verse-3

राक्षसो ऽसीति हरयो हरिश्चासीति राक्षसाः ।
अन्योन्यं समरे जघ्नुस्तस्मिंस्तमसि दारुणे ॥३॥

3. rākṣaso'sīti harayo hariścāsīti rākṣasāḥ ,
anyonyaṃ samare jaghnustasmiṃstamasi dāruṇe.

3. rākṣasaḥ asi iti harayaḥ hariḥ ca asi iti rākṣasāḥ
anyonyam samare jaghnuḥ tasmin tamasi dāruṇe

3. In that dreadful darkness of battle, the monkeys struck each other, thinking "You are a rakshasa!", and the rakshasas struck each other, thinking "You are a monkey!".

Words meanings summery:

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - "You are a rakshasa!" (a rakshasa, demon)

• असि (asi) - you are

• इति (iti) - marking direct speech (thus, so saying)

• हरयः (harayaḥ) - monkeys

• हरिः (hariḥ) - "You are a monkey!" (a monkey)

• च (ca) - and

• असि (asi) - you are

• इति (iti) - marking direct speech (thus, so saying)

• राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - rakshasas, demons

• अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - mutually, each other

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• जघ्नुः (jaghnuḥ) - they killed, they struck

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (darkness) (in that)

• तमसि (tamasi) - in darkness

• दारुणे (dāruṇe) - dreadful, terrible, fierce

Words meanings and morphology

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - "You are a rakshasa!" (a rakshasa, demon)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - a demon, a rakshasa, belonging to rakshasas

From `rakṣ` (to protect) or `rakṣas` (harm, demon).

Root: rakṣ

Note: Used as the predicate nominative with `asi`.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present indicative

Second person singular present active of root `as`.

Root: as (class 2)

इति (iti) - marking direct speech (thus, so saying)

(indeclinable)

An indeclinable particle.

हरयः (harayaḥ) - monkeys

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hari

hari - monkey, lion, Vishnu, Indra, sun, horse

From root `hṛ` (to take, carry) or `hār` (to shine).

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Nominative plural.

हरिः (hariḥ) - "You are a monkey!" (a monkey)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hari

hari - monkey, lion, Vishnu, Indra, sun, horse

From root `hṛ` (to take, carry) or `hār` (to shine).

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Used as the predicate nominative with `asi`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

An indeclinable particle.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present indicative

Second person singular present active of root `as`.

Root: as (class 2)

इति (iti) - marking direct speech (thus, so saying)

(indeclinable)

An indeclinable particle.

राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - rakshasas, demons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - a demon, a rakshasa, belonging to rakshasas

From `rakṣ` (to protect) or `rakṣas` (harm, demon).

Root: rakṣ

Note: Nominative plural.

अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - mutually, each other

(indeclinable)

Compound of `anya` (other) and `anya`.

Note: Accusative neuter singular, used adverbially.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

From `sam-ṛ` (to meet, come together).

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Locative singular.

जघ्नुः (jaghnuḥ) - they killed, they struck

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of han

Perfect tense

Third person plural perfect active of root `han`. Root `han` undergoes reduplication `jaghan-` in perfect.

Root: han (class 2)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (darkness) (in that)

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Locative singular neuter, agreeing with `tamasi`.

तमसि (tamasi) - in darkness

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance

From root `tam` (to be bewildered, grow dark).

Root: tam (class 4)

Note: Locative singular.

दारुणे (dāruṇe) - dreadful, terrible, fierce

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - dreadful, terrible, fierce, cruel, harsh

From `dāru` (wood) as 'hard as wood', or root `dṛ` (to tear) + `uṇa`.

Root: dṛ (class 1)

Note: Locative singular neuter, agreeing with `tamasi`.