वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-34, verse-1

युध्यतामेव तेषां तु तदा वानररक्षसाम् ।
रविरस्तं गतो रात्रिः प्रवृत्ता प्राणहारिणी ॥१॥

1. yudhyatāmeva teṣāṃ tu tadā vānararakṣasām ,
ravirastaṃ gato rātriḥ pravṛttā prāṇahāriṇī.

1. yudhyatām eva teṣām tu tadā vānarakṣasām
raviḥ astam gataḥ rātriḥ pravṛttā prāṇahāriṇī

1. As those monkeys and rakshasas were fighting, the sun set, and a deadly night commenced.

Words meanings summery:

• युध्यताम् (yudhyatām) - of the monkeys and rakshasas who were fighting (of those fighting, of those who are fighting)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just, only

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (monkeys and rakshasas) (of them, to them)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• वानरक्षसाम् (vānarakṣasām) - of the monkeys and rakshasas

• रविः (raviḥ) - the sun

• अस्तम् (astam) - towards setting (setting, disappearance, western horizon)

• गतः (gataḥ) - set (referring to the sun) (gone, reached)

• रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - night

• प्रवृत्ता (pravṛttā) - commenced, started, set in

• प्राणहारिणी (prāṇahāriṇī) - life-taking, destructive of life, deadly

Words meanings and morphology

युध्यताम् (yudhyatām) - of the monkeys and rakshasas who were fighting (of those fighting, of those who are fighting)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yudhyat

yudhyat - fighting, warring

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `yudh` (to fight), class 4 (`divādi`), with `śyan` augment and present participle suffix `śatṛ`.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Present active participle, genitive plural, agrees with `teṣām vānarakṣasām`.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just, only

(indeclinable)

An indeclinable particle used for emphasis.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (monkeys and rakshasas) (of them, to them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Genitive plural of the demonstrative pronoun `tad`.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

An indeclinable particle.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from the pronoun `tad` (that) with the suffix `dā` for time.

वानरक्षसाम् (vānarakṣasām) - of the monkeys and rakshasas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vānarakṣasa

vānarakṣasa - monkeys and rakshasas

Dvandva compound.

Compound type : dvandva (vānara+rakṣasa)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• rakṣasa – demon, rakshasa
  noun (masculine)
  From root `rakṣ` (to protect).
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Genitive plural of the dvandva compound `vānarakṣasa`.

रविः (raviḥ) - the sun

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ravi

ravi - sun

Derived from root `ru` (to sound) or `rā` (to give), often associated with light.

Note: Nominative singular.

अस्तम् (astam) - towards setting (setting, disappearance, western horizon)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asta

asta - home, abode, disappearance, setting (of sun/moon)

Root `as` (to be) + suffix `ta`. Often used adverbially.

Root: as

Note: Accusative singular, used adverbially with `gataḥ`.

गतः (gataḥ) - set (referring to the sun) (gone, reached)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, moved, reached, past

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `gam` (to go) with suffix `kta`.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular masculine, agreeing with `raviḥ`. Often used actively for intransitive verbs.

रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - night

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

From root `rā` (to give, grant, bestow, also related to darkness).

Note: Nominative singular.

प्रवृत्ता (pravṛttā) - commenced, started, set in

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - commenced, begun, active, engaged

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `vṛt` (to turn, exist) with prefix `pra-` and suffix `kta`.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular feminine, agreeing with `rātriḥ`. Used actively for intransitive verbs.

प्राणहारिणी (prāṇahāriṇī) - life-taking, destructive of life, deadly

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prāṇahārin

prāṇahārin - destroying life, deadly, fatal

Agent noun/Adjective from `hṛ` with `ṇini` suffix.

Compound of `prāṇa` (life) and `hārin` (taking, destroying).

Compound type : tatpurusha (prāṇa+hārin)

• prāṇa – breath, life, vital air
  noun (masculine)
• hārin – taking, carrying, destroying, removing
  adjective
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root `hṛ` (to take, carry, destroy) with `ṇini` suffix.
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular feminine, agreeing with `rātriḥ`.