वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-25, verse-28

श्रुत्वा तु तं वानरसैन्यशब्दं लङ्कागता राक्षसराजभृत्याः ।
नष्टौजसो दैन्यपरीतचेष्टाः श्रेयो न पश्यन्ति नृपस्य दोषैः ॥२८॥

28. śrutvā tu taṃ vānarasainyaśabdaṃ laṅkāgatā rākṣasarājabhṛtyāḥ ,
naṣṭaujaso dainyaparītaceṣṭāḥ śreyo na paśyanti nṛpasya doṣaiḥ.

28. śrutvā tu tam vānarasainyaśabdam
laṅkāgatāḥ rākṣasarājabhṛtyāḥ
naṣṭaujasaḥ dainyaparītaceṣṭāḥ
śreyaḥ na paśyanti nṛpasya doṣaiḥ

28. tu tam vānarasainyaśabdam śrutvā
laṅkāgatāḥ rākṣasarājabhṛtyāḥ
naṣṭaujasaḥ dainyaparītaceṣṭāḥ
nṛpasya doṣaiḥ śreyaḥ na paśyanti

28. Upon hearing that sound of the monkey army, the servants of the demon king residing in Laṅkā, having lost their strength and overwhelmed by despair, could not foresee any prosperity for their king, owing to his many flaws.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, moreover, then

• तम् (tam) - that

• वानरसैन्यशब्दम् (vānarasainyaśabdam) - the sound of the monkey army

• लङ्कागताः (laṅkāgatāḥ) - those who had come to Laṅkā, the residents of Laṅkā

• राक्षसराजभृत्याः (rākṣasarājabhṛtyāḥ) - servants of the demon king

• नष्टौजसः (naṣṭaujasaḥ) - those whose vigor/strength is lost, dejected

• दैन्यपरीतचेष्टाः (dainyaparītaceṣṭāḥ) - those whose actions are overcome by misery/pitiable state

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - welfare, good, prosperity, ultimate good

• न (na) - not

• पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they see, they foresee

• नृपस्य (nṛpasya) - of the king

• दोषैः (doṣaiḥ) - by faults, due to defects

Words meanings and morphology

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

from root śru- (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

तु (tu) - indeed, but, moreover, then

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वानरसैन्यशब्दम् (vānarasainyaśabdam) - the sound of the monkey army

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vānarasainyaśabda

vānarasainyaśabda - sound of the monkey army

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vānara+sainya+śabda)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• sainya – army, host
  noun (neuter)
  from senā (army)
• śabda – sound, word
  noun (masculine)

लङ्कागताः (laṅkāgatāḥ) - those who had come to Laṅkā, the residents of Laṅkā

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of laṅkāgata

laṅkāgata - gone to Laṅkā, residing in Laṅkā

Past Passive Participle (for gata)

Compound: Laṅkā (proper noun) + gata (PPP of gam-)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (laṅkā+gata)

• laṅkā – city of Laṅkā
  proper noun (feminine)
• gata – gone, reached, arrived
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root gam- (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

राक्षसराजभृत्याः (rākṣasarājabhṛtyāḥ) - servants of the demon king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasarājabhṛtya

rākṣasarājabhṛtya - servant of the demon king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+rāja+bhṛtya)

• rākṣasa – demon, pertaining to demons
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king
  noun (masculine)
• bhṛtya – servant, dependent
  noun (masculine)
  Gerundive/Past Passive Participle (less common meaning)
  from root bhṛ- (to bear, support)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

नष्टौजसः (naṣṭaujasaḥ) - those whose vigor/strength is lost, dejected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of naṣṭaujas

naṣṭaujas - whose strength is lost, dispirited

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (naṣṭa+ojas)

• naṣṭa – lost, destroyed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root naś- (to be lost, perish)
  Root: naś (class 4)
• ojas – vigor, strength, vitality
  noun (neuter)

दैन्यपरीतचेष्टाः (dainyaparītaceṣṭāḥ) - those whose actions are overcome by misery/pitiable state

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dainyaparītaceṣṭa

dainyaparītaceṣṭa - whose actions are enveloped by misery

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dainya+parīta+ceṣṭā)

• dainya – misery, pitiable condition, wretchedness
  noun (neuter)
  from dīna (wretched)
• parīta – surrounded, encompassed, overcome
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root i- (to go) with prefix pari-
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)
• ceṣṭā – action, effort, movement
  noun (feminine)
  from root ceṣṭ- (to try, strive)
  Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - welfare, good, prosperity, ultimate good

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - welfare, good, prosperity, ultimate good

comparative of śrī (prosperity) or praśasya (excellent)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they see, they foresee

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of paś

present stem of root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

नृपस्य (nṛpasya) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

nṛ (man) + pa (protector, from pā- to protect)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  from root pā- (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

दोषैः (doṣaiḥ) - by faults, due to defects

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, vice