वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-25, verse-23

एवं स मन्त्रिवृद्धैश्च मात्रा च बहु भाषितः ।
न त्वामुत्सहते मोक्तुमर्तह्मर्थपरो यथा ॥२३॥

23. evaṃ sa mantrivṛddhaiśca mātrā ca bahu bhāṣitaḥ ,
na tvāmutsahate moktumartahmarthaparo yathā.

23. evam saḥ mantrivṛddhaiḥ ca mātrā ca bahu bhāṣitaḥ
na tvām utsahate moktum artahmarthaparaḥ yathā

23. Thus, though he was much advised by his aged ministers and by his mother, he does not dare to release you, just as one solely intent on gain (does not relinquish possessions).

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• सः (saḥ) - Rāvaṇa (he)

• मन्त्रिवृद्धैः (mantrivṛddhaiḥ) - by the aged ministers

• च (ca) - and

• मात्रा (mātrā) - by his (Rāvaṇa's) mother (by the mother)

• च (ca) - and

• बहु (bahu) - extensively (much, greatly, many)

• भाषितः (bhāṣitaḥ) - spoken to, addressed, advised

• न (na) - not

• त्वाम् (tvām) - Sītā (you (accusative))

• उत्सहते (utsahate) - is able, dares, endeavors

• मोक्तुम् (moktum) - to release, to free

• अर्तह्मर्थपरः (artahmarthaparaḥ) - Rāvaṇa, compared to a person obsessed with gain. (a person solely intent on gain)

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

Adverb

सः (saḥ) - Rāvaṇa (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun base

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa.

मन्त्रिवृद्धैः (mantrivṛddhaiḥ) - by the aged ministers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mantrivṛddha

mantrivṛddha - aged minister, elder minister

Compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (mantrin+vṛddha)

• mantrin – minister, counselor
  noun (masculine)
  From root √mantr (to consult)
  Root: mantr (class 10)
• vṛddha – aged, old, grown, experienced
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √vṛdh (to grow)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'bhāṣitaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects elements.

मात्रा (mātrā) - by his (Rāvaṇa's) mother (by the mother)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

R-stem noun

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'bhāṣitaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects elements.

बहु (bahu) - extensively (much, greatly, many)

(indeclinable)

Used adverbially here.

भाषितः (bhāṣitaḥ) - spoken to, addressed, advised

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāṣita

bhāṣita - spoken, said, told, addressed, advised

Past Passive Participle

From root √bhāṣ (to speak, say)

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Functions as the main predicate for the first clause.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

त्वाम् (tvām) - Sītā (you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

From pronominal base 'yuṣmad'

Note: Object of 'moktum'.

उत्सहते (utsahate) - is able, dares, endeavors

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of utsahate

Present Middle

From ut-√sah (to be able, endure)

Prefix: ut

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Governs the infinitive 'moktum'.

मोक्तुम् (moktum) - to release, to free

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root √muc (to free, release)

Root: muc (class 6)

अर्तह्मर्थपरः (artahmarthaparaḥ) - Rāvaṇa, compared to a person obsessed with gain. (a person solely intent on gain)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthamarthapara

arthamarthapara - one whose highest aim is wealth/gain; one solely intent on personal gain

An idiomatic compound-like expression, typically `artham arthapara`, meaning 'devoted to gain for the sake of gain'. The given Devanagari `अर्तह्मर्थपरो` is a known variant or corruption of `अर्थमर्थपरो`.

Compound type : tatpurusha (artha+arthapara)

• artha – purpose, wealth, gain, object
  noun (masculine)
• arthapara – devoted to gain, intent on profit, selfish
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of artha (gain) + para (devoted to)

Note: Subject of comparison, agreeing with an implied 'saḥ' or 'puruṣaḥ'.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/adverb