वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-40, verse-36

स राक्षसानां निहतं महाबलं निशम्य राजा परिवृत्तलोचनः ।
समादिदेशाप्रतिमं पराक्रमे प्रहस्तपुत्रं समरे सुदुर्जयम् ॥३६॥

36. sa rākṣasānāṃ nihataṃ mahābalaṃ niśamya rājā parivṛttalocanaḥ ,
samādideśāpratimaṃ parākrame prahastaputraṃ samare sudurjayam.

36. saḥ rākṣasānām nihatam mahābalam
niśamya rājā parivṛttalocanaḥ
samādideśa apratimam parākrame
prahastaputram samare sudurjayam

36. saḥ rājā rākṣasānām nihatam
mahābalam niśamya parivṛttalocanaḥ
parākrame apratimam samare
sudurjayam prahastaputram samādideśa

36. Having heard of the great force of demons being slain, that king (Rāvaṇa), with agitated eyes, commanded Prahasta's son, who was unequalled in valor and unconquerable in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he, that)

• राक्षसानाम् (rākṣasānām) - of the demons

• निहतम् (nihatam) - (that which was) slain (referring to the force) (slain, killed)

• महाबलम् (mahābalam) - the great force (of demons) (great force, great strength)

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived

• राजा (rājā) - King Rāvaṇa (king)

• परिवृत्तलोचनः (parivṛttalocanaḥ) - with rolling eyes, with agitated eyes

• समादिदेश (samādideśa) - he commanded, he ordered

• अप्रतिमम् (apratimam) - unequalled (in valor) (unequalled, incomparable)

• पराक्रमे (parākrame) - in valor, in might

• प्रहस्तपुत्रम् (prahastaputram) - son of Prahasta

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• सुदुर्जयम् (sudurjayam) - very difficult to conquer, invincible

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa.

राक्षसानाम् (rākṣasānām) - of the demons

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, evil spirit

Note: Possessive, related to `mahābalam`.

निहतम् (nihatam) - (that which was) slain (referring to the force) (slain, killed)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

from root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `mahābalam`.

महाबलम् (mahābalam) - the great force (of demons) (great force, great strength)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahābala

mahābala - great strength, mighty force

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bala – strength, force, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Direct object of `niśamya` (implicitly, as the object of the 'hearing').

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive

from root śam (to be calm, perceive) with prefix ni-, and suffix -ya

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 4)

राजा (rājā) - King Rāvaṇa (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of `samādideśa`.

परिवृत्तलोचनः (parivṛttalocanaḥ) - with rolling eyes, with agitated eyes

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivṛttalocana

parivṛttalocana - having rolling or agitated eyes

Compound type : bahuvrihi (parivṛtta+locana)

• parivṛtta – rolled, turned around, agitated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root vṛt with prefix pari-
  Prefix: pari
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• locana – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `rājā`.

समादिदेश (samādideśa) - he commanded, he ordered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of samādiś

from root diś (to point, show) with prefixes sam- and ā-

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Aorist form.

अप्रतिमम् (apratimam) - unequalled (in valor) (unequalled, incomparable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apratima

apratima - unequalled, incomparable, matchless

negative prefix 'a-' + pratima (likeness)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+pratima)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• pratima – image, likeness, measure
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with `prahastaputram`.

पराक्रमे (parākrame) - in valor, in might

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of parākrama

parākrama - valor, prowess, might, courage

Note: Specifies the domain of 'unequalled'.

प्रहस्तपुत्रम् (prahastaputram) - son of Prahasta

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prahastaputra

prahastaputra - son of Prahasta

Compound type : tatpurusha (prahasta+putra)

• prahasta – Prahasta (name of a Rākṣasa chief)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct object of `samādideśa`.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat

Note: Specifies the context for `sudurjayam`.

सुदुर्जयम् (sudurjayam) - very difficult to conquer, invincible

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sudurjaya

sudurjaya - very difficult to conquer, invincible

prefix su- (very) + dur- (difficult) + root ji (to conquer)

Compound type : praadi-tatpurusha (su+durjaya)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• durjaya – difficult to conquer, impregnable
  adjective
  Gerundive
  from root ji with prefix dur-
  Prefix: dur
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `prahastaputram`.

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