वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-40, verse-31

स तैः परिवृतः शूरैः सर्वतः स महाबलः ।
आससादायसं भीमं परिघं तोरणाश्रितम् ॥३१॥

31. sa taiḥ parivṛtaḥ śūraiḥ sarvataḥ sa mahābalaḥ ,
āsasādāyasaṃ bhīmaṃ parighaṃ toraṇāśritam.

31. sa taiḥ parivṛtaḥ śūraiḥ sarvataḥ sa mahābalaḥ
āsasāda āyasam bhīmam parigham toraṇāśritam

31. sa mahābalaḥ taiḥ śūraiḥ sarvataḥ parivṛtaḥ
āyasam bhīmam toraṇāśritam parigham āsasāda

31. Surrounded on all sides by those brave ones, that greatly powerful Hanuman seized a terrifying iron mace that was leaning against the archway.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Referring to Hanuman. (he, that)

• तैः (taiḥ) - By the demons (rākṣasas). (by them, with them)

• परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

• शूरैः (śūraiḥ) - By the brave demons. (by brave ones, by heroes)

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere

• स (sa) - Referring to Hanuman, emphasizing the subject. (he, that)

• महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - greatly powerful, mighty

• आससाद (āsasāda) - he seized, he obtained, he reached

• आयसम् (āyasam) - iron, made of iron

• भीमम् (bhīmam) - terrifying, dreadful

• परिघम् (parigham) - mace, club, iron bar

• तोरणाश्रितम् (toraṇāśritam) - leaning against the archway/gate

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Referring to Hanuman. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तैः (taiḥ) - By the demons (rākṣasas). (by them, with them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'parivṛtaḥ'.

परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivṛta

parivṛta - surrounded, encompassed, covered

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛ (to cover, enclose) with prefix pari (around).

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'sa' (Hanuman).

शूरैः (śūraiḥ) - By the brave demons. (by brave ones, by heroes)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, valiant, hero, warrior

Note: In agreement with 'taiḥ'.

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'sarva' (all) with the suffix -tas.

Note: Adverb modifying 'parivṛtaḥ'.

स (sa) - Referring to Hanuman, emphasizing the subject. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject, repeated for emphasis/clarity.

महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - greatly powerful, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - greatly powerful, mighty

Compound adjective.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'sa' (Hanuman).

आससाद (āsasāda) - he seized, he obtained, he reached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (Lit) of āsasad

Past tense (Perfect)

Formed from root sad (to sit, settle) with prefix ā (towards, unto).

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

आयसम् (āyasam) - iron, made of iron

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyasa

āyasa - made of iron, iron-like, metallic

Derived from 'ayas' (metal, iron).

Note: Qualifies 'parigham'.

भीमम् (bhīmam) - terrifying, dreadful

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrifying, dreadful, formidable

Derived from root bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'parigham'.

परिघम् (parigham) - mace, club, iron bar

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parigha

parigha - mace, club, iron bar for closing a gate, obstacle

Derived from root han (to strike) with prefix pari (around).

Prefix: pari

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Object of the verb 'āsasāda'.

तोरणाश्रितम् (toraṇāśritam) - leaning against the archway/gate

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of toraṇāśrita

toraṇāśrita - resting on/supported by an archway or gate

Compound adjective, where the second part is a past passive participle.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (toraṇa+āśrita)

• toraṇa – archway, gate, decorated entrance
  noun (neuter)
• āśrita – leaned upon, resorted to, dependent, supported
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śri (to lean on, resort to) with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'parigham'.

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