वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-40, verse-1

ततः पक्षिनिनादेन वृक्षभङ्गस्वनेन च ।
बभूवुस्त्राससंभ्रान्ताः सर्वे लङ्कानिवासिनः ॥१॥

1. tataḥ pakṣininādena vṛkṣabhaṅgasvanena ca ,
babhūvustrāsasaṃbhrāntāḥ sarve laṅkānivāsinaḥ.

1. tataḥ pakṣininādena vṛkṣabhaṅgasvanena ca
babhūvuḥ trāsasaṃbhrāntāḥ sarve laṅkānivāsinaḥ

1. tataḥ pakṣininādena ca vṛkṣabhaṅgasvanena
sarve laṅkānivāsinaḥ trāsasaṃbhrāntāḥ babhūvuḥ

1. Then, by the clamor of birds and the sound of breaking trees, all the inhabitants of Lanka became bewildered and agitated with fear.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from there)

• पक्षिनिनादेन (pakṣininādena) - by the clamor of birds (by the cries of birds, by the sound of birds)

• वृक्षभङ्गस्वनेन (vṛkṣabhaṅgasvanena) - by the sound of breaking trees (by the sound of breaking trees, by the crash of trees)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became (they became, they were)

• त्राससंभ्रान्ताः (trāsasaṁbhrāntāḥ) - bewildered and agitated with fear (bewildered by fear, confused with terror)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

• लङ्कानिवासिनः (laṅkānivāsinaḥ) - the inhabitants of Lanka (inhabitants of Lanka)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from there)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial indeclinable derived from 'tad' with suffix 'tas'.

पक्षिनिनादेन (pakṣininādena) - by the clamor of birds (by the cries of birds, by the sound of birds)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pakṣinināda

pakṣinināda - cry of birds, sound of birds, bird-song

Compound of 'pakṣin' (bird) and 'nāda' (sound, cry). Instrumental singular form.

Compound type : tatpurusha (pakṣin+nāda)

• pakṣin – bird, winged creature
  noun (masculine)
  'n'-stem noun.
  Root: pakṣ (class 1)
• nāda – sound, cry, roar
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'nad' (to sound).
  Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Indicates the cause of fear.

वृक्षभङ्गस्वनेन (vṛkṣabhaṅgasvanena) - by the sound of breaking trees (by the sound of breaking trees, by the crash of trees)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vṛkṣabhaṅgasvana

vṛkṣabhaṅgasvana - sound of breaking trees, crash of trees

Compound of 'vṛkṣa' (tree), 'bhaṅga' (breaking), and 'svana' (sound). Instrumental singular form.

Compound type : tatpurusha (vṛkṣa+bhaṅga+svana)

• vṛkṣa – tree, plant
  noun (masculine)
• bhaṅga – breaking, shattering, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'bhañj' (to break).
  Root: bhañj (class 7)
• svana – sound, noise
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'svan' (to sound).
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Indicates the cause of fear.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became (they became, they were)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (Lit) of bhū

Perfect Active

Root 'bhū' (to be) in the perfect tense (Lit), 3rd person plural active voice.

Root: bhū (class 1)

त्राससंभ्रान्ताः (trāsasaṁbhrāntāḥ) - bewildered and agitated with fear (bewildered by fear, confused with terror)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of trāsasaṃbhrānta

trāsasaṁbhrānta - bewildered by fear, confused with terror, agitated by fright

Compound of 'trāsa' (fear) and 'saṃbhrānta' (confused, agitated). Nominative plural masculine form.

Compound type : tatpurusha (trāsa+saṃbhrānta)

• trāsa – fear, terror, fright
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'tras' (to tremble, fear).
  Root: tras (class 1)
• saṃbhrānta – confused, agitated, bewildered
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'bhram' (to wander, be confused) with prefix 'sam'. As an adjective, it takes noun inflections.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'laṅkānivāsinaḥ'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Nominative plural masculine form.

Note: Functions as an adjective here.

लङ्कानिवासिनः (laṅkānivāsinaḥ) - the inhabitants of Lanka (inhabitants of Lanka)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of laṅkānivāsin

laṅkānivāsin - inhabitant of Lanka

Compound of 'laṅkā' (Lanka) and 'nivāsin' (dweller, inhabitant). Nominative plural masculine form.

Compound type : tatpurusha (laṅkā+nivāsin)

• laṅkā – Lanka (name of the city/island)
  proper noun (feminine)
• nivāsin – dweller, inhabitant, resident
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'vas' (to dwell) with prefix 'ni' and agent suffix 'in'. 'n'-stem noun.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vas (class 1)

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