वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-19, verse-10

अकृतात्मानमासाद्य राजानमनये रतम् ।
समृद्धानि विनश्यन्ति राष्ट्राणि नगराणि च ॥१०॥

10. akṛtātmānamāsādya rājānamanaye ratam ,
samṛddhāni vinaśyanti rāṣṭrāṇi nagarāṇi ca.

10. akṛtātmānam āsādya rājānam anaye ratam
samṛddhāni vinaśyanti rāṣṭrāṇi nagarāṇi ca

10. āsādya rājānam akṛtātmānam anaye ratam
samṛddhāni rāṣṭrāṇi ca nagarāṇi vinaśyanti

10. When one obtains a king with an undeveloped character (ātman) and who is devoted to injustice, prosperous nations and cities are destroyed.

Words meanings summery:

• अकृतात्मानम् (akṛtātmānam) - one whose self is not cultivated, undeveloped character

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having approached, having obtained, having met

• राजानम् (rājānam) - king

• अनये (anaye) - in injustice, in impropriety, in unrighteousness

• रतम् (ratam) - devoted, engaged, attached to

• समृद्धानि (samṛddhāni) - prosperous, flourishing, rich

• विनश्यन्ति (vinaśyanti) - perish, are destroyed, are ruined

• राष्ट्राणि (rāṣṭrāṇi) - nations, kingdoms, territories

• नगराणि (nagarāṇi) - cities

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

अकृतात्मानम् (akṛtātmānam) - one whose self is not cultivated, undeveloped character

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of akṛtātman

akṛtātman - one whose self (ātman) is not cultivated, one with an unrefined nature/character

Compound of a-kṛta and ātman.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kṛta+ātman)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ- (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature, character
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the king.

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having approached, having obtained, having met

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root sad- (to sit, go) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

राजानम् (rājānam) - king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

Note: Object of āsādya.

अनये (anaye) - in injustice, in impropriety, in unrighteousness

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of anaya

anaya - impropriety, injustice, bad conduct, lack of right policy

From a- (negation) and naya (policy, conduct).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+naya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• naya – policy, conduct, guidance, justice
  noun (masculine)
  From root nī- (to lead)
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Indicates the sphere of devotion for the king.

रतम् (ratam) - devoted, engaged, attached to

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rata

rata - devoted, attached, engaged in, fond of

Past Passive Participle

From root ram- (to delight, enjoy).

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying rājānam.

समृद्धानि (samṛddhāni) - prosperous, flourishing, rich

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of samṛddha

samṛddha - prosperous, flourishing, rich, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

From root ṛdh- (to prosper) with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛdh (class 4)

Note: Modifies rāṣṭrāṇi and nagarāṇi.

विनश्यन्ति (vinaśyanti) - perish, are destroyed, are ruined

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of naś

Present tense

Root naś- with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Subject is rāṣṭrāṇi and nagarāṇi.

राष्ट्राणि (rāṣṭrāṇi) - nations, kingdoms, territories

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, nation, country, dominion

From root rāj- (to rule).

Root: rāj

Note: Subject of vinaśyanti.

नगराणि (nagarāṇi) - cities

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of nagara

nagara - city, town

Note: Subject of vinaśyanti, connected by 'ca'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects rāṣṭrāṇi and nagarāṇi.