वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-19, verse-1

तस्य तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा सीता रौद्रस्य रक्षसः ।
आर्ता दीनस्वरा दीनं प्रत्युवाच शनैर्वचः ॥१॥

1. tasya tadvacanaṃ śrutvā sītā raudrasya rakṣasaḥ ,
ārtā dīnasvarā dīnaṃ pratyuvāca śanairvacaḥ.

1. tasya tat vacanam śrutvā sītā raudrasya rakṣasaḥ
ārtā dīnasvarā dīnam pratyuvāca śanaiḥ vacaḥ

1. sītā raudrasya rakṣasaḥ tat vacanam śrutvā
ārtā dīnasvarā dīnam śanaiḥ vacaḥ pratyuvāca

1. Having heard that speech of the fierce rākṣasa (Rāvaṇa), Sītā, distressed and with a piteous voice, replied slowly and pitiably with words.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of Rāvaṇa (of him, his)

• तत् (tat) - that

• वचनम् (vacanam) - the words spoken by Rāvaṇa (speech, word)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• सीता (sītā) - Sītā (proper name)

• रौद्रस्य (raudrasya) - of the cruel (Rāvaṇa) (of the fierce, of the terrible)

• रक्षसः (rakṣasaḥ) - of Rāvaṇa, the demon king (of the rākṣasa, of the demon)

• आर्ता (ārtā) - distressed, suffering, afflicted

• दीनस्वरा (dīnasvarā) - with a piteous voice, having a plaintive sound

• दीनम् (dīnam) - pitifully, miserably

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, spoke in return

• शनैः (śanaiḥ) - slowly, gently, gradually

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, utterance

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of Rāvaṇa (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the `rakṣas`.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with `vacanam`.

वचनम् (vacanam) - the words spoken by Rāvaṇa (speech, word)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, saying, statement

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of `śrutvā`.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root śru (to hear), with suffix -tvā for absolutive.

Root: śru (class 5)

सीता (sītā) - Sītā (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sītā (Rāma's wife, proper name)

Note: Subject of `pratyuvāca`.

रौद्रस्य (raudrasya) - of the cruel (Rāvaṇa) (of the fierce, of the terrible)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of raudra

raudra - fierce, terrible, wrathful, formidable

Derived from rudra (name of a deity, also meaning terrible)

Note: Agrees with `rakṣasaḥ`.

रक्षसः (rakṣasaḥ) - of Rāvaṇa, the demon king (of the rākṣasa, of the demon)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rakṣas

rakṣas - rākṣasa, demon, evil being

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa.

आर्ता (ārtā) - distressed, suffering, afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, suffering

Past Passive Participle

From root ṛ (to go, to move) with prefix ā- + -ta. (also from ṛdh- to injure, hurt)

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `Sītā`.

दीनस्वरा (dīnasvarā) - with a piteous voice, having a plaintive sound

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dīnasvara

dīnasvara - having a piteous voice, plaintive

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dīna+svara)

• dīna – piteous, wretched, miserable, sad
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dā (to pity)
  Root: dā (class 3)
• svara – sound, voice, tone
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `Sītā`.

दीनम् (dīnam) - pitifully, miserably

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root dā (to pity)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Adverbial form.

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, spoke in return

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (liṭ) of prati-vac

Perfect Active Indicative

Root vac (to speak), 2nd conjugation, Parasmaipada, with upasarga prati-, perfect tense form.

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The perfect tense implies a completed action in the past.

शनैः (śanaiḥ) - slowly, gently, gradually

(indeclinable)

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, utterance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, utterance

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of `pratyuvāca`.