वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-10, verse-9

विदितं वो यथा रात्रौ मायावी स महासुरः ।
मां समाह्वयत क्रूरो युद्धाकाङ्क्षी सुदुर्मतिः ॥९॥

9. viditaṃ vo yathā rātrau māyāvī sa mahāsuraḥ ,
māṃ samāhvayata krūro yuddhākāṅkṣī sudurmatiḥ.

9. viditam vaḥ yathā rātrau māyāvī saḥ mahāsuraḥ
mām samāhvayata krūraḥ yuddhākāṅkṣī sudurmatiḥ

9. vaḥ viditam yathā rātrau saḥ māyāvī mahāsuraḥ
krūraḥ yuddhākāṅkṣī sudurmatiḥ mām samāhvayata

9. You know how that great demon, a master of illusion (māyā), cruel, desirous of battle, and exceedingly evil-minded, challenged me at night.

Words meanings summery:

• विदितम् (viditam) - known, understood, perceived

• वः (vaḥ) - to you, for you, of you, your

• यथा (yathā) - as, how, in which manner

• रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night, in the night

• मायावी (māyāvī) - illusionist, conjurer, possessing illusionary power

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• महासुरः (mahāsuraḥ) - great demon

• माम् (mām) - me

• समाह्वयत (samāhvayata) - challenged, called forth, invited

• क्रूरः (krūraḥ) - cruel, fierce, harsh

• युद्धाकाङ्क्षी (yuddhākāṅkṣī) - desirous of battle, longing for war

• सुदुर्मतिः (sudurmatiḥ) - very evil-minded, exceedingly ill-intentioned

Words meanings and morphology

विदितम् (viditam) - known, understood, perceived

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vidita

vidita - known, understood, perceived, found

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vid- 'to know' with suffix -ta.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Acts as a predicate here.

वः (vaḥ) - to you, for you, of you, your

(pronoun)

plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Enclitic form of plural dative/genitive.

यथा (yathā) - as, how, in which manner

(indeclinable)

रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night, in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

मायावी (māyāvī) - illusionist, conjurer, possessing illusionary power

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of māyāvin

māyāvin - illusionist, conjurer, possessing illusion (māyā)

From māyā + -vin suffix.

Note: Qualifies 'mahāsuraḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

महासुरः (mahāsuraḥ) - great demon

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāsura

mahāsura - great demon

Compound type : karmadhāraya (maha+asura)

• maha – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• asura – demon, evil spirit
  noun (masculine)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

समाह्वयत (samāhvayata) - challenged, called forth, invited

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of samāhve

Imperfect 3rd person singular middle voice from root hve 'to call' with prefix sam- and ā-.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: hve (class 1)

क्रूरः (krūraḥ) - cruel, fierce, harsh

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krūra

krūra - cruel, fierce, harsh, dreadful

Note: Qualifies 'mahāsuraḥ'.

युद्धाकाङ्क्षी (yuddhākāṅkṣī) - desirous of battle, longing for war

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuddhākāṅkṣin

yuddhākāṅkṣin - desirous of battle

From yuddha + ākāṅkṣin (desirous).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuddha+ākāṅkṣin)

• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (derived form)
  From root yudh 'to fight'.
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• ākāṅkṣin – desirous, longing for
  adjective (masculine)
  From ākāṅkṣā 'desire'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'mahāsuraḥ'.

सुदुर्मतिः (sudurmatiḥ) - very evil-minded, exceedingly ill-intentioned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sudurmati

sudurmati - very evil-minded, exceedingly ill-intentioned

From su- (intensive) + dur- (bad) + mati (mind).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+dur+mati)

• su – good, well, very (intensive prefix)
  indeclinable
  Intensifying prefix.
• dur – bad, difficult, ill (prefix)
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• mati – mind, intellect, thought, intention
  noun (feminine)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'mahāsuraḥ'.