वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-10, verse-17

सूदयित्वा तु तं शत्रुं विक्रान्तं दुन्दुभेः सुतम् ।
निष्क्रामन्नेव पश्यामि बिलस्य पिहितं मुखम् ॥१७॥

17. sūdayitvā tu taṃ śatruṃ vikrāntaṃ dundubheḥ sutam ,
niṣkrāmanneva paśyāmi bilasya pihitaṃ mukham.

17. sūdayitvā tu tam śatrum vikrāntam dundubheḥ sutam
niṣkrāman eva paśyāmi bilasya pihitam mukham

17. tu sūdayitvā tam vikrāntam dundubheḥ sutam śatrum,
niṣkrāman eva bilasya pihitam mukham paśyāmi

17. After I had killed that mighty enemy, the son of Dundubhi, as I was just exiting, I saw that the cave entrance was closed.

Words meanings summery:

• सूदयित्वा (sūdayitvā) - having killed (having killed, having destroyed)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• तम् (tam) - that (that, him)

• शत्रुम् (śatrum) - enemy (enemy, foe)

• विक्रान्तम् (vikrāntam) - mighty (mighty, valorous, powerful, brave)

• दुन्दुभेः (dundubheḥ) - of Dundubhi (the demon) (of Dundubhi (a demon's name), of a drum)

• सुतम् (sutam) - son

• निष्क्रामन् (niṣkrāman) - while exiting (exiting, coming out, going forth)

• एव (eva) - just, as I was (exiting) (just, only, indeed, certainly)

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see (I see, I behold)

• बिलस्य (bilasya) - of the cave (of the cave, of the hole)

• पिहितम् (pihitam) - covered, closed (covered, closed, concealed)

• मुखम् (mukham) - entrance, mouth (face, mouth, entrance)

Words meanings and morphology

सूदयित्वा (sūdayitvā) - having killed (having killed, having destroyed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from the causative of the root √sud (class 10, sūdayati) with the -tvā suffix.

Root: √sud (class 10)

Note: Absolutive indicates a completed action prior to the main verb.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - that (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with śatrum.

शत्रुम् (śatrum) - enemy (enemy, foe)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe

Note: Object of sūdayitvā.

विक्रान्तम् (vikrāntam) - mighty (mighty, valorous, powerful, brave)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vikrānta

vikrānta - mighty, valorous, brave, advanced, stepped over

Past Passive Participle

Formed from vi- + √kram (to step, go) + -ta suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: √kram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with śatrum.

दुन्दुभेः (dundubheḥ) - of Dundubhi (the demon) (of Dundubhi (a demon's name), of a drum)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dundubhi

dundubhi - a large war-drum, a demon named Dundubhi

Note: Possessive, qualifying sutam.

सुतम् (sutam) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, born, produced

Past Passive Participle (when adjective)

From √sū (to give birth).

Root: √sū (class 2)

Note: Agrees with śatrum, vikrāntam.

निष्क्रामन् (niṣkrāman) - while exiting (exiting, coming out, going forth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niṣkrāmat

niṣkrāmat - exiting, coming out, going forth

Present Active Participle

From niṣ- + √kram (to step, go) + -śatṛ suffix.

Prefix: nis

Root: √kram (class 1)

Note: Refers to the agent of paśyāmi (I).

एव (eva) - just, as I was (exiting) (just, only, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see (I see, I behold)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of paśya

Present Tense, Parasmaipada

Root √dṛś takes 'paśya' stem in present system.

Root: √dṛś (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

बिलस्य (bilasya) - of the cave (of the cave, of the hole)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of bila

bila - a hole, a cave, a cavity

Note: Qualifies mukham.

पिहितम् (pihitam) - covered, closed (covered, closed, concealed)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pihita

pihita - covered, closed, concealed

Past Passive Participle

From api- + √dhā (to place, put) + -kta suffix. The prefix api- becomes pi- due to sandhi.

Prefix: api

Root: √dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with mukham.

मुखम् (mukham) - entrance, mouth (face, mouth, entrance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mukha

mukha - mouth, face, entrance, opening, front

Note: Object of paśyāmi.