वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-10, verse-15

स तु दृष्टो मया शत्रुरनिर्वेदाद्भयावहः ।
निहतश्च मया तत्र सो ऽसुरो बन्धुभिः सह ॥१५॥

15. sa tu dṛṣṭo mayā śatruranirvedādbhayāvahaḥ ,
nihataśca mayā tatra so'suro bandhubhiḥ saha.

15. saḥ tu dṛṣṭaḥ mayā śatruḥ anirvedāt bhayāvahaḥ
nihataḥ ca mayā tatra saḥ asuraḥ bandhubhiḥ saha

15. tu saḥ bhayāvahaḥ śatruḥ anirvedāt mayā dṛṣṭaḥ.
ca tatra saḥ asuraḥ bandhubhiḥ saha mayā nihataḥ.

15. But that fearsome enemy (śatru) was found by me through perseverance, and that demon (asura), along with his kinsmen, was killed by me there.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - seen, found

• मया (mayā) - by me

• शत्रुः (śatruḥ) - enemy, foe

• अनिर्वेदात् (anirvedāt) - through perseverance (due to perseverance, from not despairing)

• भयावहः (bhayāvahaḥ) - fearsome, terrible, bringing fear

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, struck down

• च (ca) - and, also

• मया (mayā) - by me

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• असुरः (asuraḥ) - demon, titan

• बन्धुभिः (bandhubhiḥ) - by kinsmen, with kinsmen

• सह (saha) - with, accompanied by

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the enemy.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Particle.

दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - seen, found

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, beheld, observed, found

Past Passive Participle

From root √dṛś (to see) + -ta suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'śatruḥ'.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: Agent in passive construction.

शत्रुः (śatruḥ) - enemy, foe

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe (śatru)

अनिर्वेदात् (anirvedāt) - through perseverance (due to perseverance, from not despairing)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of anirveda

anirveda - perseverance, absence of despair or dejection

Negative prefix 'an' + 'nirveda' (despair), thus 'non-despair' or 'perseverance'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+nirveda)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• nirveda – despair, despondency, dispassion
  noun (masculine)
  From 'nir' (out) and √vid (to know, find), implying finding out the emptiness/despair.
  Prefix: nir
  Root: vid (class 6)

Note: Indicates the cause or means.

भयावहः (bhayāvahaḥ) - fearsome, terrible, bringing fear

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhayāvaha

bhayāvaha - causing fear, terrible, formidable

Compound of 'bhaya' (fear) and 'āvaha' (bringing, causing, from √vah with 'ā').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+āvaha)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
  From √bhī (to fear).
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• āvaha – bringing, causing, producing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  From prefix 'ā' + root √vah (to carry, bring).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Adjective for 'śatruḥ'.

निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, struck down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'ni' + root √han (to strike, kill) + -ta suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'asuraḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: Agent in passive construction.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from 'tad' (that).

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the demon.

असुरः (asuraḥ) - demon, titan

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asura

asura - demon, titan, divine being (asura)

From 'a' (not) + 'sura' (god) or from 'asu' (life-breath) + 'ra' (giving).

बन्धुभिः (bandhubhiḥ) - by kinsmen, with kinsmen

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bandhu

bandhu - kinsman, relative, friend

From root √bandh (to bind).

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Used with 'saha'.

सह (saha) - with, accompanied by

(indeclinable)

Preposition/postposition. Governs instrumental case.