वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-10, verse-10

तस्य तद्गर्जितं श्रुत्वा निःसृतो ऽहं नृपालयात् ।
अनुयातश्च मां तूर्णमयं भ्राता सुदारुणः ॥१०॥

10. tasya tadgarjitaṃ śrutvā niḥsṛto'haṃ nṛpālayāt ,
anuyātaśca māṃ tūrṇamayaṃ bhrātā sudāruṇaḥ.

10. tasya tat garjitam śrutvā niḥsṛtaḥ aham nṛpālayāt
anuyātaḥ ca mām tūrṇam ayam bhrātā sudāruṇaḥ

10. aham tasya tat garjitam śrutvā nṛpālayāt niḥsṛtaḥ
ca ayam sudāruṇaḥ bhrātā mām tūrṇam anuyātaḥ

10. Having heard that roar of his, I emerged from the king's palace, and this exceedingly formidable brother quickly followed me.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, that

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• गर्जितम् (garjitam) - roaring, thunder, a roar

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• निःसृतः (niḥsṛtaḥ) - emerged, came out, gone out

• अहम् (aham) - I

• नृपालयात् (nṛpālayāt) - from the king's palace

• अनुयातः (anuyātaḥ) - followed, gone after

• च (ca) - and, also

• माम् (mām) - me

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, rapidly

• अयम् (ayam) - this, he

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

• सुदारुणः (sudāruṇaḥ) - very terrible, exceedingly dreadful, formidable

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, that

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the demon.

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'garjitam'.

गर्जितम् (garjitam) - roaring, thunder, a roar

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of garjita

garjita - roared, thundered, a roar, a thunder

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root garj 'to roar'.

Root: garj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root śru 'to hear' with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

निःसृतः (niḥsṛtaḥ) - emerged, came out, gone out

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niḥsṛta

niḥsṛta - emerged, come forth, gone out

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sṛ 'to go' with prefix nis- and suffix -ta.

Prefix: nis

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'aham'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

नृपालयात् (nṛpālayāt) - from the king's palace

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of nṛpālaya

nṛpālaya - king's dwelling, royal palace

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+ālaya)

• nṛpa – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• ālaya – abode, dwelling, house
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: lī (class 4)

अनुयातः (anuyātaḥ) - followed, gone after

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuyāta

anuyāta - followed, gone after, accompanied

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yā 'to go' with prefix anu- and suffix -ta.

Prefix: anu

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'bhrātā'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Object of 'anuyātaḥ'.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, rapidly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle (used as adverb)

Derived from root tvar 'to hasten' with suffix -ṇa.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying 'anuyātaḥ'.

अयम् (ayam) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

सुदारुणः (sudāruṇaḥ) - very terrible, exceedingly dreadful, formidable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very terrible, exceedingly dreadful, formidable

From su- (intensive) + dāruṇa 'terrible'.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very (intensive prefix)
  indeclinable
  Intensifying prefix.
• dāruṇa – terrible, dreadful, harsh, formidable
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'bhrātā'.