वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-10, verse-11

स तु दृष्ट्वैव मां रात्रौ सद्वितीयं महाबलः ।
प्राद्रवद्भयसंत्रस्तो वीक्ष्यावां तमनुद्रुतौ ।
अनुद्रुतस्तु वेगेन प्रविवेश महाबिलम् ॥११॥

11. sa tu dṛṣṭvaiva māṃ rātrau sadvitīyaṃ mahābalaḥ ,
prādravadbhayasaṃtrasto vīkṣyāvāṃ tamanudrutau ,
anudrutastu vegena praviveśa mahābilam.

11. saḥ tu dṛṣṭvā eva mām rātrau sadvitīyam
mahābalaḥ prādravat bhayasaṃtrastaḥ
vīkṣya āvām tam anudrutau
anudrutaḥ tu vegena praviveśa mahābilam

11. tu saḥ mahābalaḥ rātrau mām sadvitīyam dṛṣṭvā eva,
āvām tam anudrutau vīkṣya,
bhayasaṃtrastaḥ prādravat.
tu anudrutaḥ vegena mahābilam praviveśa

11. But that mighty demon, having seen me with a companion at night, and having seen us two pursuing him, fled terrified. Being pursued, he swiftly entered a great cavern.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - the demon (that, he)

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

• माम् (mām) - me

• रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night, in the night

• सद्वितीयम् (sadvitīyam) - me with my brother (accompanied by a second, with a companion)

• महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - mighty, of great strength

• प्राद्रवत् (prādravat) - fled, ran away

• भयसंत्रस्तः (bhayasaṁtrastaḥ) - terrified, trembling with fear

• वीक्ष्य (vīkṣya) - having seen, perceiving

• आवाम् (āvām) - us two, both of us

• तम् (tam) - the demon (him, that)

• अनुद्रुतौ (anudrutau) - we two pursuing (pursuing, followed)

• अनुद्रुतः (anudrutaḥ) - the demon being pursued (pursued, followed)

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, quickly, rapidly

• प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - entered, penetrated

• महाबिलम् (mahābilam) - great hole, large cavern

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - the demon (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the demon.

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle marking contrast or emphasis.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root dṛś 'to see' with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night, in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

सद्वितीयम् (sadvitīyam) - me with my brother (accompanied by a second, with a companion)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sadvitīya

sadvitīya - accompanied by a second, with a companion

From sa- (with) + dvitīya (second).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+dvitīya)

• sa – with, together with (prefix)
  indeclinable
• dvitīya – second
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Adverbial accusative, modifying 'mām'.

महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - mighty, of great strength

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - mighty, of great strength, powerful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (maha+bala)

• maha – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bala – strength, power, might
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ' (the demon).

प्राद्रवत् (prādravat) - fled, ran away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pradrav

Imperfect 3rd person singular active voice from root dru 'to run' with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

भयसंत्रस्तः (bhayasaṁtrastaḥ) - terrified, trembling with fear

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhayasaṃtrasta

bhayasaṁtrasta - terrified by fear, trembling with fear

From bhaya (fear) + saṃtrasta (terrified).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+saṃtrasta)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
• saṃtrasta – terrified, alarmed, frightened
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root tras 'to tremble' with prefix sam-.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.

वीक्ष्य (vīkṣya) - having seen, perceiving

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root īkṣ 'to see' with prefix vi- and suffix -ya.

Prefix: vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

आवाम् (āvām) - us two, both of us

(pronoun)

Accusative, dual of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Object of 'vīkṣya'.

तम् (tam) - the demon (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'anudrutau'.

अनुद्रुतौ (anudrutau) - we two pursuing (pursuing, followed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of anudruta

anudruta - followed, pursued

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dru 'to run' with prefix anu- and suffix -ta, here active sense.

Prefix: anu

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Acts as predicate adjective for 'āvām' (implicit 'we two were pursuing him').

अनुद्रुतः (anudrutaḥ) - the demon being pursued (pursued, followed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anudruta

anudruta - followed, pursued, run after

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dru 'to run' with prefix anu- and suffix -ta.

Prefix: anu

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (the demon).

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle marking contrast or emphasis.

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, quickly, rapidly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, impulse, force

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Acts adverbially.

प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - entered, penetrated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pravis

Perfect 3rd person singular active voice from root viś 'to enter' with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

महाबिलम् (mahābilam) - great hole, large cavern

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahābila

mahābila - great hole, large cavern, huge cavity

Compound type : karmadhāraya (maha+bila)

• maha – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bila – hole, cavern, cavity, den
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'praviveśa'.