वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-67, verse-21

शोकार्तानामनाथानामेवं विपरिधावताम् ।
कारुण्यं सदृशं कर्तुमुपकारे च वर्तताम् ॥२१॥

21. śokārtānāmanāthānāmevaṃ viparidhāvatām ,
kāruṇyaṃ sadṛśaṃ kartumupakāre ca vartatām.

21. śokārtānām anāthānām evam viparidhāvatām
kāruṇyam sadṛśam kartum upakāre ca vartatām

21. śokārtānām anāthānām evam viparidhāvatām
kāruṇyam kartum ca upakāre vartatām sadṛśam

21. It is appropriate to show compassion to those afflicted by sorrow, who are helpless, and who wander about in such a manner; and one should engage in helping them.

Words meanings summery:

• शोकार्तानाम् (śokārtānām) - of those afflicted by sorrow, of the grief-stricken

• अनाथानाम् (anāthānām) - of the helpless, of the orphans, of those without a protector

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• विपरिधावताम् (viparidhāvatām) - of those who are wandering about, of those who are running hither and thither

• कारुण्यम् (kāruṇyam) - compassion, pity, mercy

• सदृशम् (sadṛśam) - appropriate, fitting, suitable, similar

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to show (compassion) (to do, to make, to perform)

• उपकारे (upakāre) - in help, in assistance, in kindness

• च (ca) - and, also

• वर्तताम् (vartatām) - one should engage (in help) (let (them) be, let (them) engage, let (it) proceed)

Words meanings and morphology

शोकार्तानाम् (śokārtānām) - of those afflicted by sorrow, of the grief-stricken

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of śokārta

śokārta - afflicted by sorrow, sorrow-stricken

Compound of `śoka` (sorrow) and `ārta` (afflicted).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+ārta)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `śuc` (to mourn).
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root `ṛ` (to go) with prefix `ā`. Or from root `ṛt`.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implied noun like 'persons' (janānām).

अनाथानाम् (anāthānām) - of the helpless, of the orphans, of those without a protector

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of anātha

anātha - helpless, without a protector/master, orphaned

Compound of `a` (not) and `nātha` (master, protector).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+nātha)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• nātha – master, protector, lord, help
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `nāth` (to ask for help).
  Root: nāth (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implied noun like 'persons'.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies `viparidhāvatām`.

विपरिधावताम् (viparidhāvatām) - of those who are wandering about, of those who are running hither and thither

(participle)

Genitive, plural of viparidhāvat

viparidhāvat - wandering about, running in different directions

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root `dhāv` (to run) with prefixes `vi` and `pari`.

Prefixes: vi+pari

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implied noun like 'persons'.

कारुण्यम् (kāruṇyam) - compassion, pity, mercy

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāruṇya

kāruṇya - compassion, pity, mercy, tenderness

Derived from `karuṇā` (compassion) with `ya` suffix.

Note: Object of `kartum`.

सदृशम् (sadṛśam) - appropriate, fitting, suitable, similar

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sadṛśa

sadṛśa - like, resembling, suitable, proper, appropriate

Compound of `sa` (with) and `dṛś` (seeing/appearance).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+dṛś)

• sa – with, together with, having
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'with' or 'same'.
• dṛśa – appearance, sight
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `dṛś` (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective, implying 'it is appropriate'.

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to show (compassion) (to do, to make, to perform)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of kṛ

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root `kṛ` (cl. 8).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Expresses purpose or capability.

उपकारे (upakāre) - in help, in assistance, in kindness

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of upakāra

upakāra - help, assistance, benefit, kindness

Derived from root `kṛ` (to do) with prefix `upa`.

Prefix: upa

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Governed by `vartatām`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two main clauses or actions.

वर्तताम् (vartatām) - one should engage (in help) (let (them) be, let (them) engage, let (it) proceed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperative (loṭ) of vṛt

3rd person plural imperative

Root `vṛt` (cl. 1, `bhvādi`), 3rd person plural, middle voice (ātmanepada) imperative.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Expresses command or exhortation.