वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-67, verse-12

अनाहारः कथं शक्तो भग्नसक्थिशिरोमुखः ।
वज्रेणाभिहतः कालं सुदीर्घमपि जीवितुम् ॥१२॥

12. anāhāraḥ kathaṃ śakto bhagnasakthiśiromukhaḥ ,
vajreṇābhihataḥ kālaṃ sudīrghamapi jīvitum.

12. anāhāraḥ katham śaktaḥ bhagnasakthiśiromukhaḥ
vajreṇa abhihataḥ kālam sudīrgham api jīvitum

12. anāhāraḥ bhagnasakthiśiromukhaḥ vajreṇa abhihataḥ
katham sudīrgham api kālam jīvitum śaktaḥ

12. How could someone, deprived of food, with broken thighs, head, and face, and struck by the thunderbolt, possibly survive for even a very long period?

Words meanings summery:

• अनाहारः (anāhāraḥ) - without food, fasting, abstaining from food

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner, why

• शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - able, capable, powerful

• भग्नसक्थिशिरोमुखः (bhagnasakthiśiromukhaḥ) - having broken thighs, head, and face

• वज्रेण (vajreṇa) - by the thunderbolt

• अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck, smitten, hit

• कालम् (kālam) - time, for a period

• सुदीर्घम् (sudīrgham) - very long, exceedingly long

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• जीवितुम् (jīvitum) - to live, to survive

Words meanings and morphology

अनाहारः (anāhāraḥ) - without food, fasting, abstaining from food

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anāhāra

anāhāra - without food, fasting, abstaining from food

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+āhāra)

• an – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
• āhāra – food, nourishment, eating
  noun (masculine)
  derived from root hṛ with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner, why

(indeclinable)

शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - able, capable, powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakta

śakta - able, capable, powerful

Past Passive Participle

derived from root śak

Root: śak (class 5)

भग्नसक्थिशिरोमुखः (bhagnasakthiśiromukhaḥ) - having broken thighs, head, and face

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagnasakthiśiromukha

bhagnasakthiśiromukha - having broken thighs, head, and face

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhagna+sakthi+śiras+mukha)

• bhagna – broken, shattered
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root bhañj
  Root: bhañj (class 7)
• sakthi – thigh, leg
  noun (neuter)
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

वज्रेण (vajreṇa) - by the thunderbolt

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vajra

vajra - thunderbolt, diamond

Root: vaj (class 1)

अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck, smitten, hit

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhihata

abhihata - struck, smitten, hit

Past Passive Participle

derived from root han with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: han (class 2)

कालम् (kālam) - time, for a period

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, black

Note: Used as an adverbial accusative indicating duration of time.

सुदीर्घम् (sudīrgham) - very long, exceedingly long

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sudīrgha

sudīrgha - very long, exceedingly long

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dīrgha)

• su – good, well, very, exceedingly
  indeclinable
• dīrgha – long, tall
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying kālam.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'even for a very long time'.

जीवितुम् (jīvitum) - to live, to survive

(indeclinable)

infinitive

infinitive form of root jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Purpose/infinitive.