वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-52, verse-16

या च वक्ष्यति वैदेहीं वचनं किं चिदप्रियम् ।
अज्ञानाद् यदि वा ज्ञानान्न तस्या जीवितं प्रियम् ॥१६॥

16. yā ca vakṣyati vaidehīṃ vacanaṃ kiṃ cidapriyam ,
ajñānād yadi vā jñānānna tasyā jīvitaṃ priyam.

16. yā ca vakṣyati vaidehīm vacanam kim cit apriyam
ajñānāt yadi vā jñānāt na tasyāḥ jīvitam priyam

16. ca yā vaidehīm kim cit apriyam vacanam ajñānāt yadi vā jñānāt vakṣyati,
tasyāḥ jīvitam na priyam.

16. And whoever among you speaks any displeasing word to Vaidehi (Sita), whether out of ignorance or intentionally, her life will not be dear (to me).

Words meanings summery:

• या (yā) - any female demon who (whoever, she who)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वक्ष्यति (vakṣyati) - whoever speaks (in the future) (she will speak, she will say)

• वैदेहीम् (vaidehīm) - Princess of Videha, Sita (Vaidehi (Sita))

• वचनम् (vacanam) - any word (that is unpleasant) (word, speech, utterance)

• किम् (kim) - any (as an indefinite pronoun modifier) (what, which, any)

• चित् (cit) - makes 'kim' indefinite - 'any' (particle for indefiniteness (any, some))

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - an unpleasant word (unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked)

• अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - out of ignorance (from ignorance, unknowingly)

• यदि (yadi) - if, whether

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• ज्ञानात् (jñānāt) - intentionally, with knowledge (from knowledge, knowingly)

• न (na) - not

• तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of that (female demon) (of her, to her (feminine singular genitive/dative))

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - her life (life, existence)

• प्रियम् (priyam) - dear (to me, Ravana) (dear, beloved, pleasing)

Words meanings and morphology

या (yā) - any female demon who (whoever, she who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, whatever

Note: Subject of 'vakṣyati'

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

वक्ष्यति (vakṣyati) - whoever speaks (in the future) (she will speak, she will say)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (Lṛṭ) of √vac

Root: √vac (class 2)

वैदेहीम् (vaidehīm) - Princess of Videha, Sita (Vaidehi (Sita))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vaidehī

vaidehī - Vaidehi (Sita, daughter of Janaka, king of Videha)

Derived from 'videha' (country) + 'ī' (feminine suffix)

Note: Direct object (to whom something is spoken)

वचनम् (vacanam) - any word (that is unpleasant) (word, speech, utterance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying

Root: √vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'vakṣyati'

किम् (kim) - any (as an indefinite pronoun modifier) (what, which, any)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, any

Note: Modifies 'vacanam' with 'cit'

चित् (cit) - makes 'kim' indefinite - 'any' (particle for indefiniteness (any, some))

(indeclinable)

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - an unpleasant word (unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, hateful, hostile

Negation 'a-' + priya (dear)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: √prī (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'vacanam'

अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - out of ignorance (from ignorance, unknowingly)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of ajñāna

ajñāna - ignorance, nescience

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jñāna)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  Root: √jñā (class 9)

Note: Indicates cause/source

यदि (yadi) - if, whether

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

ज्ञानात् (jñānāt) - intentionally, with knowledge (from knowledge, knowingly)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding

Root: √jñā (class 9)

Note: Indicates cause/source

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'priyam'

तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of that (female demon) (of her, to her (feminine singular genitive/dative))

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she

Note: Possessive of 'jīvitam'

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - her life (life, existence)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence, livelihood

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

Derived from root √jīv (to live)

Root: √jīv (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'

प्रियम् (priyam) - dear (to me, Ravana) (dear, beloved, pleasing)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable

Root: √prī (class 9)

Note: Predicate adjective