वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-44, verse-23

अश्वानां प्रतिपानं च खादनं चैव सो ऽन्वशात् ।
गुहस्तत्रैव पुरुषांस्त्वरितं दीयतामिति ॥२३॥

23. aśvānāṃ pratipānaṃ ca khādanaṃ caiva so'nvaśāt ,
guhastatraiva puruṣāṃstvaritaṃ dīyatāmiti.

23. aśvānāṃ pratipānaṃ ca khādanaṃ ca eva saḥ anvaśāt
guhaḥ tatra eva puruṣān tvaritaṃ dīyatām iti

23. saḥ (guhaḥ) aśvānāṃ pratipānaṃ ca khādanaṃ ca eva anvaśāt
(saḥ) guhaḥ tatra eva puruṣān (āha) "tvaritaṃ dīyatām" iti

23. He (Guha) then gave orders regarding the horses' drink and fodder. Guha told his men there, 'Let it be given quickly!'

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वानाम् (aśvānām) - of the horses

• प्रतिपानम् (pratipānam) - drink (for horses) (drink, drinking, water-trough)

• च (ca) - and

• खादनम् (khādanam) - fodder (for horses) (food, fodder, eating)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (only, just, indeed)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Guha) (he, that)

• अन्वशात् (anvaśāt) - he commanded (he commanded, he ordered, he instructed)

• गुहः (guhaḥ) - Guha (Guha (proper name))

• तत्र (tatra) - there (there, in that place)

• एव (eva) - right there, precisely (only, just, indeed)

• पुरुषान् (puruṣān) - his men (men, servants)

• त्वरितम् (tvaritam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

• दीयताम् (dīyatām) - let it be given

• इति (iti) - (marks direct speech) (thus, so (quotation marker))

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वानाम् (aśvānām) - of the horses

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

प्रतिपानम् (pratipānam) - drink (for horses) (drink, drinking, water-trough)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pratipāna

pratipāna - drinking, drink, water-trough, refreshment

Derived from root PĀ (to drink) with prefix PRATI.

Prefix: prati

Root: PĀ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'anvaśāt'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

खादनम् (khādanam) - fodder (for horses) (food, fodder, eating)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of khādana

khādana - eating, food, fodder

Note: Object of 'anvaśāt'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (only, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word.

सः (saḥ) - he (Guha) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अन्वशात् (anvaśāt) - he commanded (he commanded, he ordered, he instructed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of śās

Imperfect Tense

Third person singular, Imperfect Active Indicative. Root ŚĀS with prefix ANU.

Prefix: anu

Root: ŚĀS (class 2)

गुहः (guhaḥ) - Guha (Guha (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guha

guha - Guha (proper name, chief of the Niṣādas)

तत्र (tatra) - there (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that) + suffix 'tral'.

एव (eva) - right there, precisely (only, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'tatra'.

पुरुषान् (puruṣān) - his men (men, servants)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, servant

Note: Object of implied verb 'āha' (said to).

त्वरितम् (tvaritam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle (used adverbially)

Derived from root TVAR (to hasten) with suffix -ta.

Root: TVAR (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially, modifying 'dīyatām'.

दीयताम् (dīyatām) - let it be given

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of dā

Imperative Mood

Third person singular, Imperative Passive Voice.

Root: DĀ (class 3)

इति (iti) - (marks direct speech) (thus, so (quotation marker))

(indeclinable)