वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-44, verse-2

तत्र त्रिपथगां दिव्यां शिवतोयामशैवलाम् ।
ददर्श राघवो गङ्गां पुण्यामृषिनिसेविताम् ॥२॥

2. tatra tripathagāṃ divyāṃ śivatoyāmaśaivalām ,
dadarśa rāghavo gaṅgāṃ puṇyāmṛṣinisevitām.

2. tatra tripathagām divyām śivatoyām aśaivalām
dadarśa rāghavaḥ gaṅgām puṇyām ṛṣinisevitām

2. rāghavaḥ tatra tripathagām divyām śivatoyām
aśaivalām puṇyām ṛṣinisevitām gaṅgām dadarśa

2. There, Rāghava (Rāma) saw the divine Gaṅgā, who flows in three paths, whose waters are auspicious, free from moss, sacred, and frequented by sages.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• त्रिपथगाम् (tripathagām) - flowing in three paths, trident-bearing (epithet of Gaṅgā)

• दिव्याम् (divyām) - divine, celestial, heavenly

• शिवतोयाम् (śivatoyām) - having auspicious waters

• अशैवलाम् (aśaivalām) - free from moss or algae

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rāma (descendant of Raghu, Rāma)

• गङ्गाम् (gaṅgām) - the river Gaṅgā

• पुण्याम् (puṇyām) - sacred, holy, pure, virtuous

• ऋषिनिसेविताम् (ṛṣinisevitām) - frequented, attended, or resorted to by sages

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem tad + suffix tral

त्रिपथगाम् (tripathagām) - flowing in three paths, trident-bearing (epithet of Gaṅgā)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tripathagā

tripathagā - one who goes through three paths; an epithet of the river Gaṅgā

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tri+patha+gā)

• tri – three
  numeral
• patha – path, way
  noun (masculine)
• gā – going, moving, flowing
  adjective (feminine)
  Derived from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Gaṅgā.

दिव्याम् (divyām) - divine, celestial, heavenly

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of divya

divya - divine, celestial, heavenly, excellent

From div (heaven)

Note: Qualifies Gaṅgā.

शिवतोयाम् (śivatoyām) - having auspicious waters

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śivatoyā

śivatoyā - whose waters are auspicious

Bahuvrīhi compound: śiva (auspicious) + toya (water)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śiva+toya)

• śiva – auspicious, propitious, benevolent
  adjective (masculine)
• toya – water
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Gaṅgā.

अशैवलाम् (aśaivalām) - free from moss or algae

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of aśaivala

aśaivala - free from moss or algae

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound: a (not) + śaivala (moss)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+śaivala)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• śaivala – moss, algae, conferva
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Gaṅgā.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of dṛś

Perfect Active

Root dṛś, Perfect 3rd person singular, parasmaipada

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Refers to Rāghava.

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rāma (descendant of Raghu, Rāma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu; an epithet of Rāma

From Raghu + aṇ (patronymic suffix)

Note: Subject of 'dadarśa'.

गङ्गाम् (gaṅgām) - the river Gaṅgā

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - the holy river Gaṅgā, Ganges

Note: Object of 'dadarśa'.

पुण्याम् (puṇyām) - sacred, holy, pure, virtuous

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of puṇya

puṇya - sacred, holy, pure, virtuous, auspicious

Note: Qualifies Gaṅgā.

ऋषिनिसेविताम् (ṛṣinisevitām) - frequented, attended, or resorted to by sages

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ṛṣinisevitā

ṛṣinisevitā - frequented/served/resorted to by sages

Tatpuruṣa compound: ṛṣi (sage) + nisevitā (frequented)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ṛṣi+nisevitā)

• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
• nisevitā – attended, served, frequented, resorted to
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root sev (to serve) with prefix ni
  Prefix: ni
  Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Gaṅgā.