वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-44, verse-20

कुशचीराजिनधरं फलमूलाशनं च माम् ।
विद्धि प्रणिहितं धर्मे तापसं वनगोचरम् ॥२०॥

20. kuśacīrājinadharaṃ phalamūlāśanaṃ ca mām ,
viddhi praṇihitaṃ dharme tāpasaṃ vanagocaram.

20. kuśacīrājina-dharaṃ phalamūlāśanaṃ ca mām
viddhi praṇihitaṃ dharme tāpasaṃ vanagocaram

20. mām kuśacīrājina-dharaṃ phalamūlāśanaṃ ca
dharme praṇihitaṃ vanagocaram tāpasaṃ viddhi

20. Know me to be an ascetic dwelling in the forest, devoted to natural law (dharma), wearing kusha grass, bark garments, and deerskin, and subsisting on fruits and roots.

Words meanings summery:

• कुशचीराजिन-धरं (kuśacīrājina-dharaṁ) - wearing kusha grass, bark garments, and deerskin

• फलमूलाशनं (phalamūlāśanaṁ) - eating fruits and roots, subsisting on fruits and roots

• च (ca) - and, also

• माम् (mām) - Refers to Rama, the speaker. (me)

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

• प्रणिहितं (praṇihitaṁ) - dedicated, devoted, placed, fixed

• धर्मे (dharme) - in natural law, in righteousness, in duty

• तापसं (tāpasaṁ) - an ascetic, a hermit

• वनगोचरम् (vanagocaram) - dwelling in the forest, living in the wilderness

Words meanings and morphology

कुशचीराजिन-धरं (kuśacīrājina-dharaṁ) - wearing kusha grass, bark garments, and deerskin

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kuśacīrājina-dhara

kuśacīrājina-dhara - one who wears kusha grass, bark garments, and deerskin

Bahuvrīhi compound: one whose wearing consists of kusha, bark, and deerskin.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kuśa+cīra+ajina+dhara)

• kuśa – kusha grass (a sacred grass)
  noun (masculine)
• cīra – bark garment, rags
  noun (neuter)
• ajina – deerskin, skin of a black antelope
  noun (neuter)
• dhara – wearing, bearing, holding
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root dhṛ- (to bear, wear).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'mām'.

फलमूलाशनं (phalamūlāśanaṁ) - eating fruits and roots, subsisting on fruits and roots

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of phalamūlāśana

phalamūlāśana - one who eats fruits and roots

Bahuvrīhi compound: one whose food (aśana) consists of fruits (phala) and roots (mūla).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (phala+mūla+aśana)

• phala – fruit
  noun (neuter)
• mūla – root
  noun (neuter)
• aśana – eating, food
  noun (neuter)
  Action noun from root aś- (to eat).
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Modifies 'mām'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - Refers to Rama, the speaker. (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (pronoun)

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Root vid (2nd class), imperative, 2nd singular. Irregular form.

Root: vid (class 2)

प्रणिहितं (praṇihitaṁ) - dedicated, devoted, placed, fixed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of praṇihita

praṇihita - placed, fixed, directed, dedicated, devoted

Past Passive Participle

From root dhā with prefixes pra- and ni-.

Prefixes: pra+ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'mām' (implied: 'me who is...').

धर्मे (dharme) - in natural law, in righteousness, in duty

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, moral law

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

तापसं (tāpasaṁ) - an ascetic, a hermit

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tāpasa

tāpasa - ascetic, hermit, one who practices austerity (tapas)

Derived from tapas (austerity).

Note: Predicate accusative with 'mām'.

वनगोचरम् (vanagocaram) - dwelling in the forest, living in the wilderness

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vanagocara

vanagocara - moving in the forest, dwelling in the forest

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'one whose range/dwelling (gocara) is in the forest (vana)'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+gocara)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• gocara – range, sphere, domain; moving in, dwelling in
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from go (cow, earth, senses) and car (to move).
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tāpasaṃ'.