वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-29, verse-20

इत्युक्त्वा दुःखितं सर्वं जनं तमुपजीविनम् ।
उवाचेदं धनध्यक्षं धनमानीयतामिति ।
ततो ऽस्य धनमाजह्रुः सर्वमेवोपजीविनः ॥२०॥

20. ityuktvā duḥkhitaṃ sarvaṃ janaṃ tamupajīvinam ,
uvācedaṃ dhanadhyakṣaṃ dhanamānīyatāmiti ,
tato'sya dhanamājahruḥ sarvamevopajīvinaḥ.

20. iti uktvā duḥkhitam sarvam janam tam
upajīvinam uvāca idam dhanādhyakṣam
dhanam ānīyatām iti tataḥ asya
dhanam ājuhruḥ sarvam eva upajīvinaḥ

20. iti duḥkhitam sarvam tam upajīvinam janam uktvā,
idam dhanādhyakṣam uvāca: "dhanam ānīyatām!" iti.
tataḥ,
asya sarvam eva dhanam upajīvinaḥ ājuhruḥ.

20. Having thus spoken to all those distressed dependents, he then addressed the treasurer, saying, "Let the wealth be brought!" Thereupon, all the dependents brought all the wealth to him (for distribution).

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus (referring to previous instructions) (thus, so, in this manner)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken (having said, having spoken)

• दुःखितम् (duḥkhitam) - distressed (distressed, sorrowful, grieved)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (all, entire, every)

• जनम् (janam) - people (collective singular) (person, people, creature)

• तम् (tam) - those (referring to people) (that, him)

• उपजीविनम् (upajīvinam) - dependent (dependent, retainer)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he addressed (he said, he spoke)

• इदम् (idam) - this (command) (this)

• धनाध्यक्षम् (dhanādhyakṣam) - treasurer (treasurer, superintendent of wealth)

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth

• आनीयताम् (ānīyatām) - let it be brought (let it be brought, it should be brought)

• इति (iti) - (marks the end of direct speech) (thus, so, in this manner)

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon (then, thence, afterwards)

• अस्य (asya) - for him (Rama) (of him, to him, for him, its)

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth

• आजुह्रुः (ājuhruḥ) - they brought (for distribution) (they brought, they carried)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (the wealth) (all, entire)

• एव (eva) - indeed (only, just, indeed, certainly)

• उपजीविनः (upajīvinaḥ) - dependents (dependents, retainers)

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus (referring to previous instructions) (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken (having said, having spoken)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root 'vac' (to speak), irregular absolutive form using 'ktvā' suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

दुःखितम् (duḥkhitam) - distressed (distressed, sorrowful, grieved)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, pained, sorrowful, suffering

Past Passive Participle

From 'duḥkha' (pain, sorrow) + 'ita' (suffix for P.P.P.). Or from root 'duḥkh' (to suffer).

Root: duḥkh (class 10)

Note: Modifies 'janam'.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (all, entire, every)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

जनम् (janam) - people (collective singular) (person, people, creature)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, people, folk, creature, birth, origin

From root 'jan' (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

तम् (tam) - those (referring to people) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Accusative singular masculine form.

उपजीविनम् (upajīvinam) - dependent (dependent, retainer)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upajīvin

upajīvin - dependent, retainer, servant, one who lives by

From 'upa' (prefix) + 'jīv' (to live) + 'in' (suffix forming agent noun).

Prefix: upa

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'janam'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he addressed (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active 3rd Singular

From root 'vac' (to speak), perfect tense form. Irregular reduplication 'uvā'.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Refers to Rama.

इदम् (idam) - this (command) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here, the present

Nominative/Accusative singular neuter form.

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Direct object of 'uvāca'.

धनाध्यक्षम् (dhanādhyakṣam) - treasurer (treasurer, superintendent of wealth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanādhyakṣa

dhanādhyakṣa - treasurer, master of wealth, superintendent of finances

Compound of 'dhana' (wealth) and 'adhyakṣa' (superintendent, overseer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhana+adhyakṣa)

• dhana – wealth, riches, money
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'dhā' (to place, bestow).
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• adhyakṣa – superintendent, overseer, president
  noun (masculine)
  From 'adhi' (prefix) + root 'akṣ' (to perceive) or related to 'akṣa' (eye).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: akṣ (class 5)

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, money, property

From root 'dhā' (to place, bestow).

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Direct object of the implied verb in 'ānīyatām'.

आनीयताम् (ānīyatām) - let it be brought (let it be brought, it should be brought)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of nī

Imperative Passive 3rd Singular

From 'ā' (prefix) + root 'nī' (to lead, bring). Imperative passive form.

Prefix: ā

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'dhanam'.

इति (iti) - (marks the end of direct speech) (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from 'tad'.

अस्य (asya) - for him (Rama) (of him, to him, for him, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Genitive/Dative singular masculine/neuter form.

Note: Genitive here with a dative sense: 'to him' or 'for his purpose'.

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, money, property

From root 'dhā' (to place, bestow).

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Direct object of 'ājuhruḥ'.

आजुह्रुः (ājuhruḥ) - they brought (for distribution) (they brought, they carried)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of hṛ

Perfect Active 3rd Plural

From 'ā' (prefix) + root 'hṛ' (to carry, bring). Perfect tense form.

Prefix: ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'upajīvinaḥ'.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (the wealth) (all, entire)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Accusative singular neuter.

एव (eva) - indeed (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes 'sarvam' (all the wealth) or the action.

उपजीविनः (upajīvinaḥ) - dependents (dependents, retainers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upajīvin

upajīvin - dependent, retainer, servant, one who lives by

From 'upa' (prefix) + 'jīv' (to live) + 'in' (suffix forming agent noun).

Prefix: upa

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb 'ājuhruḥ'.