वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-29, verse-18

अथाब्रवीद्बाष्पकलांस्तिष्ठतश्चोपजीविनः ।
संप्रदाय बहु द्रव्यमेकैकस्योपजीविनः ॥१८॥

18. athābravīdbāṣpakalāṃstiṣṭhataścopajīvinaḥ ,
saṃpradāya bahu dravyamekaikasyopajīvinaḥ.

18. atha abrāvīt bāṣpakalān tiṣṭhataḥ ca upajīvinaḥ
sampradāya bahu dravyam eka-ekasya upajīvinaḥ

18. atha eka-ekasya upajīvinaḥ bahu dravyam sampradāya
bāṣpakalān tiṣṭhataḥ ca upajīvinaḥ abrāvīt

18. Then, having distributed much wealth to each of his dependents, he spoke to those standing there, who were filled with tears.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, now, next)

• अब्रावीत् (abrāvīt) - spoke (spoke, said)

• बाष्पकलान् (bāṣpakalān) - tearful (tearful, filled with tears)

• तिष्ठतः (tiṣṭhataḥ) - standing (standing, those who are standing)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• उपजीविनः (upajīvinaḥ) - dependents (dependents, retainers, those who live by)

• सम्प्रदाय (sampradāya) - having distributed (having given, having handed over)

• बहु (bahu) - much (much, many, abundant)

• द्रव्यम् (dravyam) - wealth (wealth, substance, material, thing)

• एक-एकस्य (eka-ekasya) - to each one (of each one, to each one)

• उपजीविनः (upajīvinaḥ) - of the dependent (of the dependent, of the retainer)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, now, next)

(indeclinable)

अब्रावीत् (abrāvīt) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active 3rd Singular

From root 'brū' (2nd class adādi), irregular past tense formation.

Root: brū (class 2)

बाष्पकलान् (bāṣpakalān) - tearful (tearful, filled with tears)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bāṣpakala

bāṣpakala - filled with tears, tearful

Compound of 'bāṣpa' (tears) and 'kala' (indistinct sound, or filled with). Here it means 'having tears in the voice/throat', implying tearfulness.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bāṣpa+kala)

• bāṣpa – tears, vapor
  noun (masculine)
• kala – a part, a digit (of moon), indistinct (sound), charming (sound)
  noun/adjective (masculine)

तिष्ठतः (tiṣṭhataḥ) - standing (standing, those who are standing)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tiṣṭhat

tiṣṭhat - standing, remaining, existing

Present Active Participle

From root 'sthā' (to stand), 1st class bhvādi, śatṛ suffix.

Root: sthā (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

उपजीविनः (upajīvinaḥ) - dependents (dependents, retainers, those who live by)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of upajīvin

upajīvin - dependent, retainer, servant, one who lives by

From 'upa' (prefix) + 'jīv' (to live) + 'in' (suffix forming agent noun).

Prefix: upa

Root: jīv (class 1)

सम्प्रदाय (sampradāya) - having distributed (having given, having handed over)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root 'dā' (to give) with prefixes 'sam' and 'pra'. Absolutive formed with 'lyap' suffix.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: dā (class 3)

बहु (bahu) - much (much, many, abundant)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahu

bahu - much, many, numerous, abundant

Note: Modifies 'dravyam'.

द्रव्यम् (dravyam) - wealth (wealth, substance, material, thing)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dravya

dravya - wealth, substance, material, object, property

Gerundive

From 'dru' (to run) + 'ya' (potential passive participle suffix), meaning 'that which moves/flows', hence wealth, liquid.

Root: dru (class 1)

एक-एकस्य (eka-ekasya) - to each one (of each one, to each one)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of eka-eka

eka-eka - each one, one by one, severally

Reduplicated 'eka' for distributive meaning.

Compound type : dvandva (eka+eka)

• eka – one, single, unique
  adjective/pronoun (masculine)
• eka – one, single, unique
  adjective/pronoun (masculine)

Note: Genitive case here has a dative function ('to each').

उपजीविनः (upajīvinaḥ) - of the dependent (of the dependent, of the retainer)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of upajīvin

upajīvin - dependent, retainer, servant, one who lives by

From 'upa' (prefix) + 'jīv' (to live) + 'in' (suffix forming agent noun).

Prefix: upa

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Genitive singular, modifying 'eka-ekasya' (to each of the dependent, effectively 'to each dependent').