वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-66, verse-4

नृपां शतानि पञ्चाशद्व्यायतानां महात्मनाम् ।
मञ्जूषामष्टचक्रां तां समूहुस्ते कथं चन ॥४॥

4. nṛpāṃ śatāni pañcāśadvyāyatānāṃ mahātmanām ,
mañjūṣāmaṣṭacakrāṃ tāṃ samūhuste kathaṃ cana.

4. nṛpāṇām śatāni pañcāśat vyāyatānām mahātmanām
mañjūṣām aṣṭacakrām tām samūhuḥ te katham cana

4. pañcāśat śatāni vyāyatānām mahātmanām nṛpāṇām
te tām aṣṭacakrām mañjūṣām katham cana samūhuḥ

4. Five thousand mighty and great-souled kings, they somehow carried that eight-wheeled chest.

Words meanings summery:

• नृपाणाम् (nṛpāṇām) - of kings (of kings, of rulers)

• शतानि (śatāni) - hundreds (of kings) (hundreds)

• पञ्चाशत् (pañcāśat) - fifty (multiplying the hundreds) (fifty)

• व्यायतानाम् (vyāyatānām) - of mighty (kings) (of strong ones, of outstretched, of mighty)

• महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of great-souled (kings) (of great-souled ones, of noble-minded)

• मञ्जूषाम् (mañjūṣām) - the chest (containing the bow) (box, casket, chest)

• अष्टचक्राम् (aṣṭacakrām) - having eight wheels (eight-wheeled)

• ताम् (tām) - that (specific chest) (that (feminine))

• समूहुः (samūhuḥ) - they carried (they carried, bore)

• ते (te) - they (the kings) (they)

• कथम् (katham) - how (with difficulty) (how, in what manner)

• चन (cana) - somehow (in combination with 'katham') (even, also, indeed (emphasizes preceding word, or implies 'any/some' when combined with interrogatives))

Words meanings and morphology

नृपाणाम् (nṛpāṇām) - of kings (of kings, of rulers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (lit. protector of men)

Compound of 'nṛ' (man) and 'pa' (protector).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pā' (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Refers to the kings who attempted to move the bow.

शतानि (śatāni) - hundreds (of kings) (hundreds)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of śata

śata - hundred

Note: Qualifies the number of kings.

पञ्चाशत् (pañcāśat) - fifty (multiplying the hundreds) (fifty)

(indeclinable)

Note: Multiplies 'śatāni' to indicate 5000.

व्यायतानाम् (vyāyatānām) - of mighty (kings) (of strong ones, of outstretched, of mighty)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vyāyata

vyāyata - outstretched, extended, strong, powerful

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yam' with upasargas 'vi' and 'ā'.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Adjective qualifying 'nṛpāṇām'.

महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of great-souled (kings) (of great-souled ones, of noble-minded)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, eminent, a great person (ātman)

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'ātman' (soul/self).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective qualifying 'nṛpāṇām'.

मञ्जूषाम् (mañjūṣām) - the chest (containing the bow) (box, casket, chest)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mañjūṣā

mañjūṣā - box, casket, chest

Note: Object of 'samūhuḥ'.

अष्टचक्राम् (aṣṭacakrām) - having eight wheels (eight-wheeled)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of aṣṭacakra

aṣṭacakra - eight-wheeled

Compound of 'aṣṭa' (eight) and 'cakra' (wheel).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (aṣṭa+cakra)

• aṣṭa – eight
  numeral
• cakra – wheel, discus, circle
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective qualifying 'mañjūṣām'.

ताम् (tām) - that (specific chest) (that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'mañjūṣām'.

समूहुः (samūhuḥ) - they carried (they carried, bore)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of sam-vah

Root 'vah' with upasarga 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: vah (class 1)

ते (te) - they (the kings) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'samūhuḥ'.

कथम् (katham) - how (with difficulty) (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb, indicates the manner of carrying.

चन (cana) - somehow (in combination with 'katham') (even, also, indeed (emphasizes preceding word, or implies 'any/some' when combined with interrogatives))

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms 'katham cana' meaning 'somehow' or 'with great difficulty'.

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