वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-66, verse-1

जनकस्य वचः श्रुत्वा विश्वामित्रो महामुनिः ।
धनुर्दर्शय रामाय इति होवाच पार्थिवम् ॥१॥

1. janakasya vacaḥ śrutvā viśvāmitro mahāmuniḥ ,
dhanurdarśaya rāmāya iti hovāca pārthivam.

1. janakasya vacaḥ śrutvā viśvāmitraḥ mahāmuniḥ
dhanuḥ darśaya rāmāya iti ha uvāca pārthivam

1. janakasya vacaḥ śrutvā mahāmuniḥ viśvāmitraḥ
pārthivam uvāca iti rāmāya dhanuḥ darśaya ha

1. Hearing Janaka's words, the great sage (mahāmuni) Vishvamitra said to the king (pārthiva), "Show the bow to Rama."

Words meanings summery:

• जनकस्य (janakasya) - Janaka's (of Janaka)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words (word, speech, utterance)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - hearing (having heard, after hearing)

• विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Vishvamitra (Vishvamitra (proper name))

• महामुनिः (mahāmuniḥ) - the great sage (mahāmuni) (great sage, great ascetic)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - the bow (bow)

• दर्शय (darśaya) - Show (show (imperative))

• रामाय (rāmāya) - to Rama

• इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this way)

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly, an emphatic particle

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

• पार्थिवम् (pārthivam) - to the king (to the king, to the ruler)

Words meanings and morphology

जनकस्य (janakasya) - Janaka's (of Janaka)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of janaka

janaka - Janaka (proper name, king of Videha)

Note: Possessive, refers to 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - words (word, speech, utterance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, utterance

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - hearing (having heard, after hearing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Derived from root 'śru' (to hear) with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Connects the action of hearing to the main verb.

विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Vishvamitra (Vishvamitra (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - Vishvamitra (proper name of a sage)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

महामुनिः (mahāmuniḥ) - the great sage (mahāmuni) (great sage, great ascetic)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāmuni

mahāmuni - great sage, great ascetic

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+muni)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• muni – sage, ascetic
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to 'viśvāmitraḥ'.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - the bow (bow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

Note: Object of 'darśaya'.

दर्शय (darśaya) - Show (show (imperative))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of darśayi

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular

Causative form of root 'dṛś' (to see), with imperative ending

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The command given by Vishvamitra.

रामाय (rāmāya) - to Rama

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper name)

Note: Dative of recipient.

इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of direct speech.

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly, an emphatic particle

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used with uvāca (hovāca) to form a compound verb phrase, but grammatically it's a particle.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb.

पार्थिवम् (pārthivam) - to the king (to the king, to the ruler)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - king, ruler (literally 'lord of the earth')

Note: Object of 'uvāca' (as recipient).