महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-5, verse-21

तथोक्ते द्रोणपुत्रेण सर्व एव नराधिपाः ।
परिवार्य स्थिताः शल्यं जयशब्दांश्च चक्रिरे ।
युद्धाय च मतिं चक्रूरावेशं च परं ययुः ॥२१॥

21. tathokte droṇaputreṇa sarva eva narādhipāḥ ,
parivārya sthitāḥ śalyaṁ jayaśabdāṁśca cakrire ,
yuddhāya ca matiṁ cakrūrāveśaṁ ca paraṁ yayuḥ.

21. tathā ukte droṇaputreṇa sarve eva
narādhipāḥ parivārya sthitāḥ śalyam
jayaśabdān ca cakrire yuddhāya ca
matim cakruḥ āveśam ca param yayuḥ

21. tathā droṇaputreṇa ukte,
sarve eva narādhipāḥ śalyam parivārya sthitāḥ,
ca jayaśabdān cakrire.
ca yuddhāya matim cakruḥ,
ca param āveśam yayuḥ.

21. After the son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman) had thus spoken, all the kings surrounded Śalya and stood, uttering shouts of victory. They also resolved for battle and attained supreme enthusiasm.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in this way (thus, so, in that manner)

• उक्ते (ukte) - having been spoken (by the son of Droṇa) (spoken, said)

• द्रोणपुत्रेण (droṇaputreṇa) - by the son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman) (by the son of Droṇa)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, every)

• एव (eva) - indeed, truly (indeed, just, only)

• नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - the kings (kings, rulers of men)

• परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded (having surrounded, encompassing)

• स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - stood (around) (stood, standing, situated)

• शल्यम् (śalyam) - Śalya (the king) (Śalya (proper noun))

• जयशब्दान् (jayaśabdān) - shouts of victory (shouts of victory, sounds of triumph)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• चक्रिरे (cakrire) - they uttered (literally, made shouts) (they made, they did)

• युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle (for battle, for war)

• च (ca) - also (and, also)

• मतिम् (matim) - a resolve (to fight) (intention, resolve, mind)

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they resolved (literally, made a resolve) (they made, they did)

• आवेशम् (āveśam) - enthusiasm (entrance, seizure, possession, intense absorption, enthusiasm)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• परम् (param) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate)

• ययुः (yayuḥ) - they attained (they went, they attained)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, in this way (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'ukte'.

उक्ते (ukte) - having been spoken (by the son of Droṇa) (spoken, said)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

root vac (changed to uc) + suffix -ta

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Absolute locative construction with 'droṇaputreṇa'.

द्रोणपुत्रेण (droṇaputreṇa) - by the son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman) (by the son of Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of droṇaputra

droṇaputra - son of Droṇa (referring to Aśvatthāman)

Compound type : tatpurusha (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Droṇa (name of a preceptor)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of 'ukte'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies 'narādhipāḥ'.

एव (eva) - indeed, truly (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - the kings (kings, rulers of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of narādhipa

narādhipa - ruler of men, king

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, sovereign
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'sthitāḥ', 'cakrire', and 'yayuḥ'.

परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded (having surrounded, encompassing)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

root vṛ with prefix pari, suffix -ya (after prefix)

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Absolutive, connected with 'sthitāḥ'.

स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - stood (around) (stood, standing, situated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sthita

sthita - stood, standing, situated, firm

Past Passive Participle

root sthā + suffix -ta

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective, functioning as part of the verb phrase 'stood surrounding'.

शल्यम् (śalyam) - Śalya (the king) (Śalya (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Śalya (name of a king, brother of Mādrī)

Note: Object of 'parivārya'.

जयशब्दान् (jayaśabdān) - shouts of victory (shouts of victory, sounds of triumph)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jayaśabda

jayaśabda - cry of victory, shout of triumph

Compound type : tatpurusha (jaya+śabda)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• śabda – sound, word, cry
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'cakrire'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

चक्रिरे (cakrire) - they uttered (literally, made shouts) (they made, they did)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: From root kṛ.

युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle (for battle, for war)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Expresses purpose.

च (ca) - also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

मतिम् (matim) - a resolve (to fight) (intention, resolve, mind)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mati

mati - mind, thought, intention, resolve

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Object of 'cakruḥ'.

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they resolved (literally, made a resolve) (they made, they did)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: From root kṛ.

आवेशम् (āveśam) - enthusiasm (entrance, seizure, possession, intense absorption, enthusiasm)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āveśa

āveśa - entrance, possession, intense absorption, enthusiasm

root viś with prefix ā, nominalized

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Object of 'yayuḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

परम् (param) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent, best

Note: Qualifies 'āveśam'.

ययुः (yayuḥ) - they attained (they went, they attained)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: From root yā.