महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-5, verse-14

दशाङ्गं यश्चतुष्पादमिष्वस्त्रं वेद तत्त्वतः ।
साङ्गांश्च चतुरो वेदान्सम्यगाख्यानपञ्चमान् ॥१४॥

14. daśāṅgaṁ yaścatuṣpādamiṣvastraṁ veda tattvataḥ ,
sāṅgāṁśca caturo vedānsamyagākhyānapañcamān.

14. daśāṅgam yaḥ catuṣpādam iṣvastram veda tattvataḥ
sāṅgān ca caturaḥ vedān samyak ākhyānapañcamān

14. yaḥ daśāṅgam catuṣpādam iṣvastram tattvataḥ veda
ca sāṅgān ākhyānapañcamān caturaḥ vedān samyak

14. He who truly knows the science of archery (iṣvastra) with its ten components (daśāṅga) and four divisions (catuṣpāda), and also thoroughly comprehends the four Vedas along with their auxiliary branches (sāṅga), deeming the narrative traditions (ākhyāna) as the fifth.

Words meanings summery:

• दशाङ्गम् (daśāṅgam) - referring to the ten components of archery (ten-limbed, having ten parts/components)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• चतुष्पादम् (catuṣpādam) - referring to the four divisions of archery (four-footed, having four divisions/components)

• इष्वस्त्रम् (iṣvastram) - the science of archery, bow and arrow (weaponry)

• वेद (veda) - knows, understands

• तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly, in essence, in reality, thoroughly

• साङ्गान् (sāṅgān) - referring to the Vedas with their six Vedāṅgas (auxiliaries) (with auxiliary branches, having parts)

• च (ca) - and, also

• चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

• वेदान् (vedān) - the Vedas

• सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, thoroughly, completely, correctly

• आख्यानपञ्चमान् (ākhyānapañcamān) - referring to the Vedas and their auxiliaries, with the Purāṇas/Itihāsas (narratives) counted as a fifth category of sacred knowledge (having narratives (ākhyānas) as the fifth)

Words meanings and morphology

दशाङ्गम् (daśāṅgam) - referring to the ten components of archery (ten-limbed, having ten parts/components)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daśāṅga

daśāṅga - ten-limbed, having ten parts/components

Compound type : bahuvrihi (daśa+aṅga)

• daśa – ten
  adjective
• aṅga – limb, part, constituent, division
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'iṣvastram'

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Note: Relative pronoun introducing a subordinate clause describing the person

चतुष्पादम् (catuṣpādam) - referring to the four divisions of archery (four-footed, having four divisions/components)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of catuṣpāda

catuṣpāda - four-footed, having four divisions/components

Compound type : bahuvrihi (catur+pāda)

• catur – four
  adjective
• pāda – foot, quarter, division, part
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'iṣvastram'

इष्वस्त्रम् (iṣvastram) - the science of archery, bow and arrow (weaponry)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of iṣvastra

iṣvastra - bow and arrow, missile-weapon, archery, the science of archery

Compound type : dvandva (iṣu+astra)

• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• astra – weapon, missile, projectile
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'veda'

वेद (veda) - knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly, in essence, in reality, thoroughly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -taḥ (from 'tattva')

Note: Modifies 'veda'

साङ्गान् (sāṅgān) - referring to the Vedas with their six Vedāṅgas (auxiliaries) (with auxiliary branches, having parts)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sāṅga

sāṅga - with parts, with auxiliary branches, complete with components

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+aṅga)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix used in Bahuvrihi compounds to mean 'accompanied by'
• aṅga – limb, part, auxiliary, constituent (e.g., Vedāṅga)
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'vedān'

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two objects of knowledge

चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of catur

catur - four

Note: Modifies 'vedān'

वेदान् (vedān) - the Vedas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of veda

veda - Veda (sacred Hindu scriptures), knowledge

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Object of 'veda'

सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, thoroughly, completely, correctly

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'veda'

आख्यानपञ्चमान् (ākhyānapañcamān) - referring to the Vedas and their auxiliaries, with the Purāṇas/Itihāsas (narratives) counted as a fifth category of sacred knowledge (having narratives (ākhyānas) as the fifth)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ākhyānapañcama

ākhyānapañcama - having narratives as the fifth; narratives, Purāṇas, Itihāsas, considered as the fifth Veda

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ākhyāna+pañcama)

• ākhyāna – narrative, story, legend, tradition (referring to Purāṇas and Itihāsas)
  noun (neuter)
• pañcama – fifth
  adjective

Note: Modifies 'vedān', indicating that the Vedas are considered along with the narratives as a fifth category of knowledge.