महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-5, verse-19

भागिनेयान्निजांस्त्यक्त्वा कृतज्ञोऽस्मानुपागतः ।
महासेनो महाबाहुर्महासेन इवापरः ॥१९॥

19. bhāgineyānnijāṁstyaktvā kṛtajño'smānupāgataḥ ,
mahāseno mahābāhurmahāsena ivāparaḥ.

19. bhāgineyān nijān tyaktvā kṛtajñaḥ asmān upāgataḥ
mahā-senaḥ mahā-bāhuḥ mahā-senaḥ iva aparaḥ

19. (saḥ) nijān bhāgineyān tyaktvā kṛtajñaḥ asmān upāgataḥ.
saḥ mahā-senaḥ mahā-bāhuḥ aparaḥ mahā-senaḥ iva (asti).

19. (He, Śalya,) having abandoned his own nephews (Pāṇḍavas), and being loyal to his commitments (kṛtajña), has joined us. He is a great general, mighty-armed, like another Mahāsena (Kārtikeya).

Words meanings summery:

• भागिनेयान् (bhāgineyān) - the Pāṇḍavas (nephews (sister's sons))

• निजान् (nijān) - his own (nephews) (one's own, personal, inherent)

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having forsaken, having given up

• कृतज्ञः (kṛtajñaḥ) - loyal to his commitments (despite abandoning nephews) (grateful, knowing what has been done, loyal to commitments)

• अस्मान् (asmān) - to us (Kauravas) (us)

• उपागतः (upāgataḥ) - has joined us (has come to, has approached, has joined)

• महा-सेनः (mahā-senaḥ) - referring to Shalya as a great general (great general, having a great army)

• महा-बाहुः (mahā-bāhuḥ) - referring to Shalya (mighty-armed, strong-armed)

• महा-सेनः (mahā-senaḥ) - Mahasena (name of Kartikeya)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अपरः (aparaḥ) - a second (Mahāsena) (another, other, second)

Words meanings and morphology

भागिनेयान् (bhāgineyān) - the Pāṇḍavas (nephews (sister's sons))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhāgineya

bhāgineya - son of a sister, nephew

derived from 'bhaginī' (sister)

निजान् (nijān) - his own (nephews) (one's own, personal, inherent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nija

nija - one's own, native, inherent, proper

Note: Agrees with 'bhāgineyān'

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having forsaken, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

derived from root 'tyaj' (to abandon) with suffix -ktvā

Root: tyaj (class 1)

कृतज्ञः (kṛtajñaḥ) - loyal to his commitments (despite abandoning nephews) (grateful, knowing what has been done, loyal to commitments)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtajña

kṛtajña - grateful, knowing what is done, appreciative, loyal

compound of 'kṛta' (done) and 'jña' (knowing)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (kṛta+jña)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• jña – knowing, acquainted with
  adjective
  agent noun/suffix
  derived from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

अस्मान् (asmān) - to us (Kauravas) (us)

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

उपागतः (upāgataḥ) - has joined us (has come to, has approached, has joined)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upāgata

upāgata - approached, arrived, come to, joined

Past Passive Participle

derived from root 'gam' (to go) with prefixes 'upa' and 'ā'

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as a finite verb 'has come'

महा-सेनः (mahā-senaḥ) - referring to Shalya as a great general (great general, having a great army)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahā-sena

mahā-sena - having a great army, a great general, name of Kārtikeya

compound of 'mahā' and 'sena' or 'senā'

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (mahā+sena)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• sena – army, general
  noun (feminine)

महा-बाहुः (mahā-bāhuḥ) - referring to Shalya (mighty-armed, strong-armed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahā-bāhu

mahā-bāhu - mighty-armed, large-armed, powerful

compound of 'mahā' and 'bāhu'

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bāhu – arm, fore-arm
  noun (masculine)

महा-सेनः (mahā-senaḥ) - Mahasena (name of Kartikeya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahā-sena

mahā-sena - name of Kārtikeya (god of war), leader of a great army

compound of 'mahā' and 'sena'

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (mahā+sena)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• sena – army
  noun (feminine)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

particle of comparison

अपरः (aparaḥ) - a second (Mahāsena) (another, other, second)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apara

apara - other, another, second, inferior, posterior