महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-25, verse-35

तं तथा युध्यमानं च विनिघ्नन्तं च तावकान् ।
ईक्षितुं नोत्सहन्ते स्म तव सैन्यानि भारत ॥३५॥

35. taṁ tathā yudhyamānaṁ ca vinighnantaṁ ca tāvakān ,
īkṣituṁ notsahante sma tava sainyāni bhārata.

35. tam tathā yudhyamānam ca vinighnantam ca tāvakān
īkṣitum na utsahante sma tava sainyāni bhārata

35. bhārata tava sainyāni tam tathā yudhyamānam ca
tāvakān vinighnantam ca īkṣitum na utsahante sma

35. O descendant of Bharata, your armies were unable to look upon him who was thus fighting and slaying your warriors.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to a specific warrior fighting fiercely) (him, that)

• तथा (tathā) - in that manner (indicating the intensity of his fighting) (thus, so, in that manner)

• युध्यमानम् (yudhyamānam) - fighting fiercely (fighting, engaged in battle)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• विनिघ्नन्तम् (vinighnantam) - slaying (your warriors) (striking down, slaying, destroying)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तावकान् (tāvakān) - your warriors (referring to the Kuru army) (your (people), your relatives, your warriors)

• ईक्षितुम् (īkṣitum) - to look at (him directly) (to see, to look at, to perceive)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• उत्सहन्ते (utsahante) - they dare (or are able) (they exert themselves, they dare, they are able)

• स्म (sma) - implies past action of 'utsahante' (indeed, certainly (when used with present tense verb, implies past action))

• तव (tava) - your (referring to Dhritarashtra's) (your, of you)

• सैन्यानि (sainyāni) - your armies (armies, troops, forces)

• भारत (bhārata) - O King Dhritarashtra (addressed by Sanjaya) (O descendant of Bharata, O scion of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (referring to a specific warrior fighting fiercely) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तथा (tathā) - in that manner (indicating the intensity of his fighting) (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

युध्यमानम् (yudhyamānam) - fighting fiercely (fighting, engaged in battle)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, warring

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from root yudh (class 4) with the suffix -māna, used in Ātmanepada forms.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Formed from the root yudh (to fight).

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'fighting' and 'striking down'.

विनिघ्नन्तम् (vinighnantam) - slaying (your warriors) (striking down, slaying, destroying)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vinighnat

vinighnat - striking down, slaying, destroying

Present Active Participle (Parasmaipada)

Derived from root han (to strike/slay) with prefix vi- and suffix -at.

Prefix: vi

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Formed from the root han (to strike, to kill) with prefix vi-.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'striking down' with 'your warriors'.

तावकान् (tāvakān) - your warriors (referring to the Kuru army) (your (people), your relatives, your warriors)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - yours, belonging to you, your people

Derived from 'tva' (you) with suffix -ka.

Note: Used substantively here to mean 'your people/warriors'.

ईक्षितुम् (īkṣitum) - to look at (him directly) (to see, to look at, to perceive)

(verb)

infinitive (tumun) of īkṣ

Infinitive

Infinitive form derived from the root īkṣ (class 1, Ātmanepada).

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'utsahante'.

उत्सहन्ते (utsahante) - they dare (or are able) (they exert themselves, they dare, they are able)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of utsah

Present Indicative

Derived from root sah (class 1) with prefix ut-.

Prefix: ut

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Root sah (to be able), with ut- prefix.

स्म (sma) - implies past action of 'utsahante' (indeed, certainly (when used with present tense verb, implies past action))

(indeclinable)

Note: Changes the tense of 'utsahante' from present to past.

तव (tava) - your (referring to Dhritarashtra's) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Genitive of yuṣmad.

सैन्यानि (sainyāni) - your armies (armies, troops, forces)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sainya

sainya - army, host, military force

Derived from senā (army).

Note: Subject of the verb 'utsahante'.

भारत (bhārata) - O King Dhritarashtra (addressed by Sanjaya) (O descendant of Bharata, O scion of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata

Derived from Bharata.