महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-25, verse-14

स हतः प्रापतद्भूमौ स्वरथाद्रथिनां वरः ।
गिरेस्तु कूटजो भग्नो मारुतेनेव पादपः ॥१४॥

14. sa hataḥ prāpatadbhūmau svarathādrathināṁ varaḥ ,
girestu kūṭajo bhagno māruteneva pādapaḥ.

14. saḥ hataḥ prāpatat bhūmau sva-rathāt rathinām
varaḥ gireḥ tu kūṭajaḥ bhagnaḥ mārutena iva pādapaḥ

14. saḥ rathinām varaḥ hataḥ sva-rathāt bhūmau prāpatat,
tu gireḥ kūṭajaḥ mārutena bhagnaḥ pādapaḥ iva.

14. Struck down, he, the best of charioteers, fell from his own chariot to the ground, just as a tree growing on a mountain peak is broken by the wind (māruta).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to Durvimocana mentioned in the previous verse. (he, that)

• हतः (hataḥ) - Struck by the arrow of the warrior (paraṃtapa). (struck down, killed, wounded)

• प्रापतत् (prāpatat) - Durvimocana fell from his chariot. (fell down)

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• स्व-रथात् (sva-rathāt) - From Durvimocana's own chariot. (from his own chariot)

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - Durvimocana was the best among all charioteers. (of charioteers, of warriors (in chariots))

• वरः (varaḥ) - Durvimocana was the best among charioteers. (best, excellent, chosen)

• गिरेः (gireḥ) - Source of the tree in the simile. (from a mountain)

• तु (tu) - Connects the simile. (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• कूटजः (kūṭajaḥ) - Describes the tree in the simile as being from a mountain peak. (mountain-born, growing on a peak)

• भग्नः (bhagnaḥ) - The tree being broken by the wind. (broken, shattered)

• मारुतेन (mārutena) - The agent that breaks the tree. (by the wind, by Marut (wind-god))

• इव (iva) - Indicates a comparison. (like, as, as if)

• पादपः (pādapaḥ) - The object of comparison in the simile. (tree, plant)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Refers to Durvimocana mentioned in the previous verse. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the sentence.

हतः (hataḥ) - Struck by the arrow of the warrior (paraṃtapa). (struck down, killed, wounded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - struck, killed, wounded, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han with kta suffix.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.

प्रापतत् (prāpatat) - Durvimocana fell from his chariot. (fell down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pra-pat

Imperfect tense, Parasmaipada

Derived from root pat with prefix pra. Imperfect 3rd person singular.

Prefix: pra

Root: pat (class 1)

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

स्व-रथात् (sva-rathāt) - From Durvimocana's own chariot. (from his own chariot)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of sva-ratha

sva-ratha - one's own chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+ratha)

• sva – one's own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, car, warrior (in a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Indicates the source of falling.

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - Durvimocana was the best among all charioteers. (of charioteers, of warriors (in chariots))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

Note: Indicates the group from which 'varaḥ' is chosen.

वरः (varaḥ) - Durvimocana was the best among charioteers. (best, excellent, chosen)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, chosen, boon

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.

गिरेः (gireḥ) - Source of the tree in the simile. (from a mountain)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of giri

giri - mountain, hill

Note: Can be genitive or ablative singular. Here, 'from a mountain'.

तु (tu) - Connects the simile. (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle for emphasis or contrast.

कूटजः (kūṭajaḥ) - Describes the tree in the simile as being from a mountain peak. (mountain-born, growing on a peak)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kūṭaja

kūṭaja - mountain-born, growing on a peak, born from a heap

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kūṭa+ja)

• kūṭa – peak, summit, horn, heap
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix indicating origin.
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'pādapaḥ'.

भग्नः (bhagnaḥ) - The tree being broken by the wind. (broken, shattered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered, defeated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhañj with kta suffix.

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'pādapaḥ'.

मारुतेन (mārutena) - The agent that breaks the tree. (by the wind, by Marut (wind-god))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of māruta

māruta - wind, Marut (god of wind), relating to the wind

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Agent of breaking.

इव (iva) - Indicates a comparison. (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

पादपः (pādapaḥ) - The object of comparison in the simile. (tree, plant)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pādapa

pādapa - tree, plant (lit. 'that which drinks with its feet')

Derived from pāda (foot) and pa (drinking).

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (pāda+pa)

• pāda – foot, leg, ray, quarter
  noun (masculine)
• pa – drinking, guarding
  agent noun (masculine)
  Derived from root pā (to drink).
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Object of comparison.