महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-44, verse-5

अहं पूर्वमहं पूर्वमिति क्षत्रियपुंगवाः ।
स्पर्धमानाः समाजग्मुर्जिघांसन्तोऽर्जुनात्मजम् ॥५॥

5. ahaṁ pūrvamahaṁ pūrvamiti kṣatriyapuṁgavāḥ ,
spardhamānāḥ samājagmurjighāṁsanto'rjunātmajam.

5. aham pūrvam aham pūrvam iti kṣatriyapuṅgavāḥ
spardhamānāḥ samājagmuḥ jighāṃsantaḥ arjunātmajam

5. "aham pūrvam aham pūrvam" iti kṣatriyapuṅgavāḥ
spardhamānāḥ arjunātmajam jighāṃsantaḥ samājagmuḥ

5. "I first! I first!" So exclaiming, the foremost warriors, competing with one another, gathered, desiring to kill Arjuna's son.

Words meanings summery:

• अहम् (aham) - I

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - I (will be) first (first, before, eastern)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - I (will be) first (first, before, eastern)

• इति (iti) - introducing the direct speech of the warriors (thus, so, indicating direct speech)

• क्षत्रियपुङ्गवाः (kṣatriyapuṅgavāḥ) - chiefs among warriors, foremost of kṣatriyas

• स्पर्धमानाः (spardhamānāḥ) - competing, vying, challenging

• समाजग्मुः (samājagmuḥ) - they came together, approached, assembled

• जिघांसन्तः (jighāṁsantaḥ) - desiring to kill, wishing to strike

• अर्जुनात्मजम् (arjunātmajam) - Arjuna's son (Abhimanyu)

Words meanings and morphology

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of implied action 'I will be first'.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - I (will be) first (first, before, eastern)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrva

pūrva - first, former, prior, eastern

Note: Could be adverbial accusative or neuter nominative/accusative used predicatively.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of implied action 'I will be first'.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - I (will be) first (first, before, eastern)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrva

pūrva - first, former, prior, eastern

Note: Could be adverbial accusative or neuter nominative/accusative used predicatively.

इति (iti) - introducing the direct speech of the warriors (thus, so, indicating direct speech)

(indeclinable)

क्षत्रियपुङ्गवाः (kṣatriyapuṅgavāḥ) - chiefs among warriors, foremost of kṣatriyas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣatriyapuṅgava

kṣatriyapuṅgava - chief among warriors, foremost of kṣatriyas

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣatriya+puṅgava)

• kṣatriya – warrior, kṣatriya caste
  noun (masculine)
• puṅgava – bull, excellent, foremost
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'samājagmuḥ'.

स्पर्धमानाः (spardhamānāḥ) - competing, vying, challenging

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of spardhamāṇa

spardhamāṇa - competing, emulating, challenging

Present Middle Participle

From root 'spardh' (to vie, compete) with 'śānac' suffix

Root: spardh (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'kṣatriyapuṅgavāḥ'.

समाजग्मुः (samājagmuḥ) - they came together, approached, assembled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect

Root 'gam' (1st conjugation, Parasmaipada) with prefixes 'sam-ā'

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Reduplicated perfect.

जिघांसन्तः (jighāṁsantaḥ) - desiring to kill, wishing to strike

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jighāṃsat

jighāṁsat - desiring to kill, wishing to strike

Desiderative Present Active Participle

Desiderative stem of root 'han' (to strike, kill), with 'śatṛ' suffix

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'kṣatriyapuṅgavāḥ'.

अर्जुनात्मजम् (arjunātmajam) - Arjuna's son (Abhimanyu)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjunātmaja

arjunātmaja - Arjuna's son

Compound type : tatpurusha (arjuna+ātmaja)

• arjuna – Arjuna (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātmaja – son, born of oneself
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'jighāṃsantaḥ'.